１． before long 与long before记忆诀窍和用法介绍记忆诀窍: 【适合于高一】
long 在前"很久前"long在后"不久后"
用法：long before单独使用，一般用在过去完成时的句自里。它后面可以跟从句构成句型：
It be ...before .... before 前一般是long, not long 等词。
值得注意的是：主句中的时态只能是一般过去时或一般将来时。before long "很快、不久"，
可以用于各种时态。
２． affect 与effect有何不同？【适合于高二, 高三】
两个词都有"影响"的意义。 affect是动词（vt.）effect是名词。
３． doubt 后接从句时应注意些什么? 【适合于高二, 高三】
在肯定句中用whether / if 引导，在否定句和疑问句中用that引导
４． lead 一词如何使用？【适合于高二, 高三】
lead sb. to (into / out of )somewhere 带领某人去某处
lead sth. 领导。。。
lead sb. (in) doing sth. 带领（领导）做。。。
lead sb. to do sth. 使得、导致（某人）做。。。
lead a ... life = live a ... life 过着。。。的生活
lead to 通向、导致 All roads lead to Rome. 条条道路通罗马。
５．lose 与miss有什么不同? 【适合于高一】 【适合于高二】
这两个词在表示"丢失了"做定语时，易出错．前者只能用过去分词；后者只能用现在分
词．如：the lost child the missing word
６． 分词作定语时有无特殊现象？【适合于高二】
下面的分词作定语时分别表示:
lost , missing 丢失了的 left , remaining 剩下的
exposed , sticking, 突出的, 冒出的 drunken, 喝醉酒的
lighted , 燃着的, 亮着的 burnt , 烧焦的
７．prefer 一词有哪些东西需要掌握？【适合于高二, 高三】
1.prefer to do sth. prefer + n. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
2.prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. 3.prefer sb. to do sth.
4.prefer that...
prevent(stop / keep) ... from ... 在用法上有什么区别?
它们都可表示"阻止．．．做．．．"．prevent, stop 后面的from可以省去，而keep 后面的from
不能省去．
８． prevent... from 与 protect ... from 在用法上有什么区别? 【适合于高二, 高三】
prevent... from结构中prevent的宾语发出介词from后动名词的动作;而protect ...from
构中的宾语不能发出后面的动作。
９．promise sb. to do sth. 是不是复合宾语句型？【适合于高二】
该结构不是复合宾语结构。因为不定式的动作是主语发出来的。它常用于：
promise to do sth. promise sb. to do sth.
promise + n. / pron. promise sb. sth.
promise (sb.) that ....
１０．prove有哪些用法？【适合于高二, 高三】
vt. 证明、证实 prove + n. / pron. prove that.... prove sb.(sth.) + adj. / n. / to be
link-v. 证明市、后来事实证明是 prove + n. / adj. / to be ... / of...
１１．pull 与push在意义上和用法上有哪些不同？【适合于高二】
pull 是"拉" push是"推"。两个都是及物动词。
１２．very不能修饰哪些词？【适合于高一】【适合于高二, 高三】
very不能直接修饰动词;而用very much修饰。
用very修饰原级形容词副词，用much修饰比较级最高级。
用very修饰由分词转化来的形容词；而一般用much修饰过去分词。
１３．raise 与rise有什么不同？【适合于高一】
两个都有"上升、上涨"的意思。raise是及物动词；rise是不及物动词。raise 还有
"喂养、饲养"之意。
１４．population 一词有哪些东西需要掌握？【适合于高一】
对人口提问可用：What is the population of ．．．? How large is the population of ．．．?
．．．有多少人口一般用：The population of ．．． is ．．．．
．．．has a population of．．．．
对人口的修饰只能用：large, small 等词，不能用many, much．．．
all, some, 32 percent of 等修饰population做主语谓语应用复数．
在人口的比较中应用that ． The population of China is larger than that of India.
１５．"许多"有多少？【适合于高一】【适合于高二, 高三】
1,只接可数名词
many , many a (后接单数可数名词)
a good(great) many, a (good, large, great) number of
2.只接不可数名词
a (great ) large amount of , large amounts of
a (good, great ) deal of
3.即可接可数名词又可接不可数名词
a lot of, lots of , plenty of
a (large) quantity of , (large) quantities of
注意：quantity , plenty构成的短语多接不可数名词．
１６．哪些动词可用主动代替被动？【适合于高一】
1.某些实意动词用作连系动词用时，常用主动代替被动．这类动词有：
sound , look, feel, taste
2.动词sell, break, write, wash, read等，它们常是不及物动词，而且后有副词修饰(well,
easily, smooth．．．)．
3.want, need, require表示"需要"时，以及形容词worth后的动名词要用主动表被动．
动词不定式做后置定语，且与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时，不定式用主动表被动．这
种情况下，句子的主语与不定式有主谓关系．
例：I have a meeting to attend.
4.在"名词（代词） + be + adj. + to do "结构中，句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语，
此时不定式用主动表被动．用于该结构的形容词有：difficult, easy, important, heavy,
light, nice, pleasant, fit．．．．
5.在There be + 名词 + to do结构中，不定式多用主动形式．
6.不定式to let, to blame, to seek作表语时，常用主动表被动．
１７．关于后置定语的问题【适合于高一】【适合于高二, 高三】
1.some, any, anything, nobody, somewhere, nothing等词的修饰语要后置．
2.else修饰somebody, what, who, something 时，要后置．
3.不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语做定语要后置．
4. proper（本身）,present（在场的.，出席的）, involved（有关的）,
concerned相关的）,（left 剩下的）, objecting （反对的）,
mentioned （提及的）, selected （当选的）等词做定语要后置．
5.a-开头的形容词做定语要后置．如：alike, alive, alone, asleep．．．．
１８．as 有哪些常见用法？【适合于高一】【适合于高二, 高三】
做连词可用于：
1.引导时间状语从句 "在．．．的时候，当．．．"
2.引导原因状语从句 "因为，由于"
3.引导方式状语从句 "依照，按照，如，像"
4.引导让步状语从句 "尽管，虽说" 此种用法时从句要倒装（表语倒装，
谓语倒装，状语倒装）
5.as后跟名词 （相当于一个时间状语从句）
As a young man, he worked hard. = When he was a young man, he worked hard.
6.和某些动词连用，构成固定搭配．
treat．．．as regard．．．as look on(upon)．．．as
take．．．as take up．．．as think of．．．as
introduce．．．as take a job as．．． serve．．．as act as
7.用于某些成语
as black as coal as dry as dust as blind as a bat
as easy as ABC as brave as a lion as fair as a rose
as fat as a pig as busy as a bee as free as the air
as cold as ice as gentle as a lamb as deep as a well
as greedy as wolf as happy as a king as heavy as lead
as sound as a bell as poor as a church mouse as proud as a peacock
as quiet as a lamb as red as blood as white as snow
as a matter of fact 事实上 as a result 结果
as a result of 由于．．． as a rule 一般（说来）；通常
as ．．．as possible = as．．．as one can 尽力，尽可能
as follows 如下 as if (as though) 就像．．．似的
as to + 名词 至于，说到 as to + that从句 关于（常不译出）
as usual 像平常一样 so as to 以便
so ．．．as to 如此．．．以至．．． so (as) long as 只要
such ．．．as to 如此．．．以至．．． as．．．as．．． 和．．．一样．．．
as soon as 一．．．就．．． as soon as possible 尽快地
as well 也， 还 as well as 也， 还
such as 如像
１９． word 一词有什么值得注意的？【适合于高二】
1. 注意该词的单复数．如：
have a word with sb.和．．．说句话 have words with sb. 和．．．吵架
in a word 总之 in other words 换句话说
keep one's word 遵守诺言 beyond words 无法用言语来形容
2. word 用单数且不用冠词意为：消息，谣言
Word came of his success abroad. Word came from Beijing.
word用单数并用定冠词或其它限定词意为：命令，嘱咐
The troops got the word to begin moving out.
His word is that he has gone back to Tianjin.
２０．most 一词前的冠词如何使用？【适合于高一】【适合于高二, 高三】
most 前加the 是最高级；most前加 a时表示"非常"= very
He is the most careful in our class. He is a most careful student in our class.
most 做代词用时要注意：
1.the most 后不能加介词of引导的短语．
The most you can hope for is 50$.
2.most of 前不加冠词表示"大部分，大多数"一般做主语，宾语．
Most of the students are from the countryside.
3.在固定搭配中at (the) most 有无冠词都可以．
第1组 五大基本句型
1.主语+不及物动词(短语)
【例句】Birds can fly.鸟会飞。
2.主语+及物动词(短语)+宾语
【例句】Everybody made fun of him.人人都取笑他。
3.主语+连系动词+表语
【例句】These flowers are very beautiful.这些花非常漂亮。
4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
【例句】My parents bought me a nice Christmas present.父母给我买了一件精美的圣诞礼物。
5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
【例句】They painted the door red.他们把门漆成了红色。
第2组 It句型
1.It+be/get+形容词/名词/介词短语
【用法】it用作非人称代词时，常表示天气、日期、时间、距离、温度等。
【例句】It gets colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷。
2.It+be+被强调部分+that从句
【用法】构成强调句，强调句子的主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，that可以换成who,其他情况一律用that。
【例句】It was our manager that/who met me at the airport yesterday.昨天是我们的经理去机场接我的。
3.It+be+形容词(+for sb.)+to do sth.
【例句】It is necessary to increase your vocabulary in studying English.在学习英语中增加你的词汇量是必要的。
4.It+be+形容词(+of sb.)+to do sth.
【例句】It is clever of him to work out such a difficult problem.他把这么难的问题给解决了，他真聪明。
5.It+be+形容词+that从句
【例句】It is quite clear that the ear of the elephant is like a huge fan.很显然，大象的耳朵像一把大扇子。
6.It+be+过去分词+that从句
【例句】It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.据说，人类天生具有会话能力。
7.It+be+名词+不定式/that从句
【用法】it作形式主语，后面的不定式或that从句是句子的真正主语。
【例句】In fact, it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.实际上，对警察来说，在一场重大的足球赛中维持秩序是一项艰难的工作。
8.It+is/has been+时间段+since...
【例句】It is three years since I came here.我来这儿已经3年了。
9.It+be+(high) time...
【例句】It is time for lunch.该吃午饭了。
第3组 疑问代词
1.What+be+主语?
【用法】用于询问职业。
【例句】What is your elder sister?你姐姐是干什么的?
2.What+be+主语+like?
【用法】用于询问某人/物是什么样的或怎么样。
【例句】One of the twins is very active. What is the other like?这对双胞胎中的一个很活跃。另一个怎么样?
3.What+do/does+主语+look like?
【用法】用于询问外貌或长相。
【例句】What does Clark look like?克拉克长什么样?
4.What do you think of...? 关于……你有什么看法?
【用法】用来询问对某人或某事物的看法。
【例句】What do you think of our new English teacher?你认为我们的新英语老师怎么样?
第4组 不定代词
1.one..., the other...
(两者中的)一个……，另一个……
【例句】He has two sons. One is a doctor and the other is a soldier.他有两个儿子。一个是医生，另一个是军人。
2.some..., others...(不确定范围中的)
一些……，另一些……
【例句】Some boys are playing football, and others are playing basketball.一些男孩子在踢足球，另外一些在打篮球。
3.none (+of+复数可数名词或不可数名词)
【用法】none接指人或物的可数名词或不可数名词，后面可以跟of结构;no one只能接指人的可数名词，后面不能跟of结构。
【例句】None of the money was missing.钱一点儿也没丢。
第5组 年龄
1.at (the age of)+基数词在……岁时
【例句】He was struck down by cancer at (the age of) thirty.他30岁时死于癌症。
2.in one’s+整十数的复数 在某人几十多岁时
【例句】My mother became a professor in her thirties.我妈妈三十多岁时就成了一名教授。
3.基数词+years old ……岁
【例句】He is eighteen years old, when he starts to live on his own.他18岁了，是开始独立生活的年龄了。
第6组 倍数
1.倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as... ……是……的……倍
【例句】Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as large as that of theirs.十年前我们村的人口是他们村人口的两倍。
第7组 形容词的原级、比较级、最高级
1.as+形容词原级+as...
……和……一样……
【例句】Mary's spoken English is as good as mine.玛丽的口语和我的一样好。
2.not as/so+形容词原级+as...
……不像……一样……
【例句】She is not as/so happy as she pretends.她并不像她假装得那么高兴。
3.形容词比较级(+名词)+than...
……比……更……
【例句】Lesson Four is more difficult than Lesson Three.第四课比第三课难。
4.no+形容词比较级+than...
……和……一样都不……
【例句】I am no taller than you.我和你一样都不高。
5.形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级...
越来越……
【例句】The computer is cheaper and cheaper.电脑越来越便宜了。
6.be senior/junior/superior/inferior to...
……比……大/小/好/差
【例句】I am five years senior to Jane.我比简大五岁。
7.the+(序数词+)形容词最高级(+名词)(+比较范围) (……中)最/第几……的(……)
【例句】The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二长河。
第8组 副词的原级、比较级、最高级
1.as+副词原级+as...
……和……一样……
【例句】John works as hard as his elder brother.约翰和他哥哥一样工作努力。
2.not...+as/so+副词原级+as...
……不如……
【例句】It doesn't rain as/so often here as it does in my country.这里不如我们国家下雨频繁。
3.副词比较级+than...
……比……更……
【例句】Usually the paperback book is more widely accepted than the hardcover one.通常来说，平装书要比精装书更容易被接受。
4.not+副词比较级+than...
前者不比后者更……(侧重后者)
【例句】I run not faster than my deskmate.我不比我同桌跑得快。
5.副词比较级+and+副词比较级...
越来越……
【例句】He ran faster and faster on the last lap.他在最后一圈时跑得越来越快。
6.like...better (than...)
和……比起来，更喜欢……
【例句】I like movies better than TV plays.比起电视剧，我更喜欢电影。
第9组 副词的常用句型
1.too...to... 太……而不能……
【用法】to后用动词原形，表示结果。
【例句】The girl is too young to dress herself.这个女孩太小，不能自己穿衣服。
2.enough to... ……足以……
【用法】to后用动词原形，表示结果。
【例句】Would you be good enough to take my bag upstairs for me?你能否好心帮我把包拿到楼上?
3.so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词 ……确实如此
【例句】—It was very cold yesterday.昨天很冷。
—So it was.确实很冷。
第10组 情态动词常用句型
1.would rather do...than do...
宁愿……，也不……
【例句】She would rather fail than cheat in the examination.她宁愿
2.cannot but do... 只好做……
【用法】but后的不定式要省略to。
【例句】We cannot but wait until Jane comes.我们只好等到简来。
3.cannot/can never...too...
再……也不为过，越……越好
【例句】You cannot be too careful to cross the road.过马路时再怎么小心都不为过。
4.主语+used to/would+do... 过去常常
【例句】I would go swimming in this river when I was young.我小时候常在这条河里游泳。
5.had better (not) do... 最好(不)做……
【例句】You had better not wait for them.你最好不要等他们。
6.must have done... 一定/准是做过……
【用法】表示对过去情况的推测，只用于肯定句中。
【例句】She knows the story very well. She must have read the book.她对这个故事很熟悉。她一定读过这本书。
第11组 不定式
1.(not)in order (not)so as (not) +to do... 不定式作目的状语
【用法】to do, in order to do作目的状语可以位于句首，但so as to do不可以。
【例句】In order not to be late, she cut across the fields.为了不迟到，她抄近路穿过了田野。
2.so+形容词/副词+as
too+形容词/副词
形容词/副词+enough+to do... 不定式作结果状语
【例句】How could you be so stupid as to believe him?你怎么这么笨，竟然相信他的话?
第12组 动名词
1.stop doing...stop to do停止原有的动作...停下来去做另一件事
【例句】Many people stop doing exercise when they eat less.很多人吃得少的时候就不锻炼了。
2.forget/remember doing...忘记/记得做过
forget/remember to do... 忘记/记得要做
【例句】He forgot telling her about the final exam.他不记得已告诉过她关于期末考试的事了。
3.nmean doing...mean to do...意味着做……打算做……
【例句】My new job will mean travelling all over the world.我的新工作需要在世界各地到处跑。
4.regret doing...regret to do...后悔以前曾做过……很遗憾要做……
【例句】—Robert is indeed a wise man.罗伯特确实是个很聪明的人。
5.try doing...try to do...试着做……努力去做……
【例句】She tried living alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.她尝试着一个人生活，但并不喜欢这样，于是又搬回家了。
第13组 感叹句
1.How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!How+主语+谓语!
【例句】Look! How excited the boys are!看!那些男孩多么兴奋!
2.What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+(主语+谓语)!
【用法】单数可数名词前有形容词修饰时，用what和how引导感叹句均可，但要注意冠词与形容词的位置。中心词为可数名词复数或不可数名词,只能用what引导感叹句。
【例句】What a wonderful plan you have made!/How wonderful a plan you have made!你制订的计划真棒!
第14组 反意疑问句
1.(陈述部分)肯定，(附加问句)否定?(陈述部分)否定，(附加问句)肯定?
【例句】 He must work hard at physics, mustn’t he?他必须努力学习物理，是吗?
2.No one/Someone...+谓语...，谓语+they?谓语+he?
【用法】陈述部分主语为指人的不定代词，强调整体时，附加问句的主语用they;强调个体时，附加问句的主语用he。
【例句】No one was there that day, was he/were they?那天没有人在那里，是吗?
3.Everything/Anything...+谓语...，谓语+it?
【用法】陈述部分主语是指物的不定代词时，附加问句的主语用it。
【例句】Everything that he said is true, isn’t it?他说的都是真的，是吗?
4.This/That+谓语...，谓语+it?These/Those+谓语...，谓语+they?
【用法】陈述部分的主语是指示代词时，附加问句的主语要用相应的人称代词。
【例句】This means we have failed, doesn’t it?这意味着我们已经失败了，是吗?
5.There be...，谓语+there?
【用法】陈述部分为There be句式时，其反意疑问句的附加问句仍用“...there”。
【例句】There will be an important meeting tomorrow, won't there? 明天有一个重要的会议，是不是?
6.祈使句。will you/won’t you?
【用法】肯定祈使句的反意疑问句，附加问句用will you, 〖JP〗won't you均可;否定祈使句只能用will you。
【例句】Come and play football with us, will you/won't you?过来和我们一起踢足球，好吗?
7.Let's..., shall we?Let us/Let me..., will you?
【例句】Let's have lunch together, shall we?我们一起吃午饭吧，好吗?
第15组 主语从句
1.引导词+主语从句+谓语...
【例句】Whether she will join us does not matter too much.她是否会加入到我们中来并不太重要。
2.It(形式主语)+谓语...+引导词+主语从句
【例句】It is a pity that you missed such a good lecture.你错过了一场这么好的讲座真是可惜。
第16组 宾语从句
1.主句+that引导的宾语从句
【例句】They told us once again that this would never happen.他们再次告诉我们这种事情不会发生。
2.主语+系动词+afraid/sorry/sure/glad/angry等+that引导的宾语从句
【用法】that在宾语从句中没有意义，也不作成分，只起引导词的作用，一般可以省略。
【例句】I'm sure that he will come tomorrow.我确信他明天会来。
3.主句+what/who/whom/whose/which等引导的宾语从句
【用法】what, who, whom, whose, which等连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。
【例句】Do you know who/whom he is waiting for at the school gate?你知道他正在学校门口等谁吗?
4.主句+when/where/how/why等引导的宾语从句
【用法】when, where, how, why等在从句中作状语,表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。
【例句】We haven't discussed yet where we are going to place our new furniture.我们还没有讨论应把我们的新家具放在哪里。
5.主句+whether/if引导的宾语从句
【例句】Did he tell you whether/if he would come the next day? 他告诉你他第二天是否来了吗?
6.Whether引导的宾语从句，+主句
【例句】Whether this is true or not， I am not sure.我不确定这是不是真的。
7.主句+whether引导的宾语从句+if条件句
【例句】He asked me whether I would move to New York if I got the job.他问我如果我得到那份工作是否会搬到纽约去。
第17组 表语从句
1.主语+be+引导词+表语从句
【例句】The reason why she called me was that she would not attend the party.她给我打电话的原因是她不来参加派对了。
第18组 同位语从句
1.(...+)名词+引导词+同位语从句
【例句】He received the order that he should come back by the noon.他收到命令，中午之前要回来。
第19组 定语从句
1.主句+who/whom引导的定语从句
【用法】who是主格，whom是宾格。通常whom可以用who代替，但直接跟在介词后作宾语时不可用who代替。who/whom作宾语时可以省略。
【例句】Do you know the girl who is standing under the tree?你认识站在树下的那个女孩吗?
2.主句，+which/who/whom/whose/when/where+定语从句
【用法】非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句分开，that不能引导非限制性定语从句,who一般不能替代whom。
【例句】This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.这个便条是汤姆留下的，刚才他还在这里。
第20组 状语从句
1.主句+before/after引导的时间状语从句
【例句】It may be many years before the situation improves.这种状况或许要过很多年才能得到改善。
2.主句+since引导的时间状语从句
【用法】since从句常用一般过去时，谓语是短暂性动词时，表示该动作的开始;谓语是延续性动词时，表示该动作或状态的结束。
【例句】It was three weeks since he was ill.他的病已经好了三周了。
3.主句+because/as/since引导的原因状语从句
【例句】The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to
his wife.那位老人让露西挪到另外一张椅子上，因为他想跟他的妻子挨着坐。
4.主句+(al)though/as/while/even though/even if引导的让步状语从句
【例句】Although regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too
close to bedtime.尽管经常锻炼很重要，但在临睡前锻炼绝对不是个好主意。
5.主句+so that/in order that/in case引导的目的状语从句
【例句】I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me.为了能让你赶上我，我会慢慢跑。
6.主句+if/unless/as long as引导的条件状语从句
【例句】I shall go tomorrow unless it rains.如果不下雨，我明天去。
7.主句+as soon as/directly/immediately等引导的时间状语从句 一……就……
【例句】Directly our maths teacher came in, everyone was quiet.我们的数学老师一进来，大家就都安静下来了。
第21组 There be句型
1.There (+助动词/情态动词)+be+主语...
【例句】There is a lot of meat on the plate.盘子里有很多肉。
2.There+助动词/情态动词+not+be be+not/no+主语...
【例句】There isn’t a telephone in the room.房间里没有电话。
第22组 倒装句型
1.No/Never/Hardly/Seldom/Little等+be/助动词/情态动词+主语...
【用法】表示否定意义的词置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
【例句】Little did Rose care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.尽管自己处于相当危险的境地，但是罗丝几乎没考虑自己的安全。
2.So...+be/助动词/情态动词+主语...+that...
【用法】在so... that...句式中，so...部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
【例句】So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.袭击是如此突然，以至于敌人根本没有时间逃跑。
3.Only+状语+be/助动词/情态动词+主语...
【用法】only强调状语置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
【例句】Only if you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy.只有合理膳食才会保持身体健康。
4.Not until...+be/助动词/情态动词+主语...
【用法】时间状语not until...置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
【例句】Not until the motorbike looked almost new did he stop repairing and cleaning it.直到把摩托车修理、擦洗得几乎跟新的一样他才作罢。
5.Not only...+be/助动词/情态动词+主语...but also...
【用法】not only...置于句首时，其所在的分句用部分倒装，其中also有时可以省略。
【例句】Not only does he do well in his lessons, but he often helps others with their lessons.他不但自己学习好，还经常帮助别人学习。
6.Hardly had+主语...+when...No sooner had+主语...+than....
【用法】hardly, no sooner 置于句首时，hardly, no sooner所在的.句子用部分倒装。
【例句】Hardly had he uttered the words when she began laughing. 他刚一开口说话，她就笑了。
第23组 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
1.If...did/were...， 主语+would/should/could/might do...
【用法】表示与现在事实相反的假设。从句用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
【例句】If I were eleven years younger, I would dance as well as them.如果我年轻11岁，我会跟他们跳得一样好。
2.If...had done...，主语+would/should/could/might have done...
【用法】表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句用过去完成时，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。
【例句】If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.如果我们走了另一条路的话，或许就能及时赶到这里开会了。
3.If...did/were to do/should do...，主语+would/should/could/might do...
【用法】表示与将来事实相反的假设。从句谓语动词用过去式、“should+动词原形”或“were to+动词原形”，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
【例句】If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping.如果明天天气好，我就去购物。
4.If...had done...， 主语+would do...
If...should do...， 主语+would have done...
【例句】If he had set out earlier, he would be home now.如果他早点出发的话，他现在就已经到家了。
5.Should/Were/Had+(从句)主语+谓语，主句
【用法】if引导的虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有should, were, had时，可将if省略，而将should, were, had提前，构成倒装。
【例句】Should it happen(=If it should happen), what would you do?如果真发生了这样的事，你怎么办?
6.With/Without/But for+名词，主语+虚拟语气形式的谓语...
【用法】句子的虚拟条件是通过词或短语如with， without， otherwise, but for等来表示的。
【例 句】But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.如果没有英语老师的帮助，我不可能在英语写作比赛中获得一等奖。
7.主句+as if+(从句)主语+did/had done...
【用法】as if引导的从句常用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的情况;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。
【例句】She acted as if she had been the hostess yesterday.她昨天表现得就好像她是女主人似的。
第24组 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
1.wish (that)+主语+did/had done/would do...
【用法】wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反;用过去将来时表示与将来事实相反。
【例句】I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.我希望北京全年都是秋天。
2.suggest/recommend/insist等+(that)+主语+(should) do...
【例 句】Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.为了安全，老师建议家长们不要让未满12岁的孩子骑自行车来上学。
3.would rather+主语+did/had done...
【用法】would rather后的从句用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
【例句】George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I?d rather he focused more on its culture.乔治打算谈谈他们国家的地理，但是我却愿意他多谈一下他们的文化。
4.It is+形容词/名词/过去分词+that+主语+(should) do...
【例句】It is strange that the girl (should) be so rude.那个女孩那么无礼，这真奇怪。
5.suggestion/advice/demand等+that+主语(+should) do...
【用法】在表示“建议”、“命令”、“要求”等的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气。
【例句】My suggestion is that we (should) get started soon.我的建议是我们应该尽快出发。
二、一般上说，形容词的位置是紧贴在被修饰的名词前面；不然的话，就跟在接系动词（linking verb）后面充当补足语（complement）。例如：
① Sam is an industrious professional designer.
② What is it that bulky box? May I know?
③ Homeless cats are seen wandering about the field.
④ David looks cheerful everyday.
⑤ Janet is being nasty today.
⑥ The sky suddenly turned dark.
①-③里的形容词修饰它们后头的名词；④-⑥里的形容词是补足语。
三、形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面，但当形容词修饰不定代词something，nothing，anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。如：something important，nothing serious。
当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时，定语或表语要后置。如：
We have dug a hole two meters deep.
The hole is about two metres deep.
四、单个形容词：
单个形容词修饰名词时，一般要放在名词前。前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。a clever boy 一个聪明的男孩 my own book 我自己的书
五、形容词词组：
词组或形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语等补足成分时，形容词必须置于名词后。
It is a problem difficult to work out。这是一道难以解决的问题。
He is a boy deserving of sympathy。 他是个值得同情的男孩。
