零基础英语语法短句学习法合计56句

时间: 2022-11-14 句子 我要投稿 人气:

零基础英语语法短句学习法合计56句

五个基本句式详细解释如下:

1.S十V句式

在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如:

He runs quickly.

他跑得快。

They listened carefully.

他们听得很仔细。

He suffered from cold and hunger.

他挨冻受饿。

China belongs to the third world country.

中国属于第三世界国家。

The gas has given out.

煤气用完了。

My ink has run out.

我的钢笔水用完了。

2.S十V十P句式

在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如:

He is older than he looks.

他比看上去要老。

He seen interested in the book.

他似乎对这本书感兴趣。

The story sounds interesting.

这个故事听起来有趣。

The desk feels hard.

书桌摸起来很硬。

The cake tastes nice.

饼尝起来很香。

The flowers smell sweet and nicc.

花闻起来香甜。

You have grown taller than before.

你长得比以前高了。

He has suddenly fallen ill.

他突然病倒了。

He stood quite still.

他静静地站看。

He becomes a teacher when he grew up.

他长大后当了教师。

He could never turn traitor to his country.

他永远不会背叛他的祖国。

注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如:

He looked me up and down.

他上下打量我。

He reached his hand to feel the elephant.

他伸出手来摸象。

They are tasting the fish.

他们在品尝鱼。

They grow rice in their home town.

他们在家乡种水稻。

He‘s got a chair to sit on.

他有椅子坐。

Please turn the sentence into English.

请把这个句于泽成英语。

3.S十V十O句式

在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如:

I saw a film yesterday.

我昨天看了一部电影。

Have you read the story?

你读过这个故事吗?

They found their home easily.

他们很容易找到他们的家。

They built a house last year.

他们去年建了一所房子。

They‘ve put up a factory in the village.

他们在村里建了一座工厂。

They have taken good care of the children.

这些孩子他们照看得很好。

You should look after your children well.

你应该好好照看你的孩子。

4.S十V十O1十O2句式

在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如:

He gave me a book/a book to me.

他给我一本书。

He brought me a pen/a pen to me.

他带给我一枝钢笔。

He offered me his seat/his seat to me.

他把座位让给我。

注意下边动词改写后介词的变化:

Mother bought me a book/a book for me.

妈妈给我买了一本书。

He got me a chair/a chair for me.

他给我弄了一把椅子。

Please do me a favor/a favor for me.

请帮我一下。

He asked me a question/a question of me.

他问我个问题。

注意,下边动词只有一种说法:

They robbed the old man of his money.

他们抢了老人的钱。

He‘s warned me of the danger.

他警告我注意危险。

The doctor has cured him of his disease.

医生治好了他的病。

We must rid the house of th erats.

我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。

They deprived him of his right to speak.

他们剥夺了他说话的权利。

5.S十V十O十C句式

在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。

常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。

They made the girl angry.

他们使这个女孩生气了。

They found her happy that day.

他们发现那天她很高兴。

I found him out.

我发现他出去了。

I saw him in.

我见他在家。

They saw a foot mark in the sand.

他们发现沙地上有脚印。

They named the boy Charlie.

他们给这个男孩起名为查理。

I saw him come in and go out.

我见他进来又出去。

They felt the car moving fast.

他们感到汽车行驶得很快。

I heard the glass broken just now.

我刚才听到玻璃碎了。

He found the doctor of study closed to him.

他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。

句子的种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

1. 凡是说明一件事情,提出一个看法,或者表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句,它可以用肯定式和否定式,句末用句号".",通常用降调。

掌握陈述句的肯定式和否定式的构成及用法。

e.g. We live in Tianjin. (肯定句)我们住在天津。

We don't live in Shanghai. (否定句)我们不住在上海。

注意:(1)在一般现在时的肯定式中,主语是第三人称单数时,动词要改成第三人称单数形式。

e.g. John studies Chinese very well.

(2)一般现在时和一般过去时的否定式要加助动词do (does), did.

e.g. I don't like swimming. 我不喜欢游泳。

He doesn't have lunch at home every day. 他每天不在家吃午饭。

They didn't play football yesterday. 他们昨天没有踢足球。

2. 掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句的构成、用法和答语。注意在一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句要加助动词do(does), did.

e.g. Do you often speak English at school ? 在学校你常讲英语吗?

Does she have a brother ? = Has she got a brother ? 她有兄弟吗?

Did it take you two hours to do your homework last night ?

昨天晚上做作业花了你2个小时吗?

What do you often do on Sundays ?

星期日你常常干什么?

When does your father get up every morning ?

你父亲每天早晨几点钟起床?

Why didn't your teacher come to school yesterday ?

昨天你们的老师为什么没来学校呢?

提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种,这种疑问句叫选择疑问句。结构是:"一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句",但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。说明or前面部分用升调,后面部分用降调。

e.g. Is her brother an artist or a doctor ?

她的兄弟是一个艺术家还是个医生?

Would you like tea or coffee ?

你愿意喝茶还是喝咖啡?

Shall we go to the cinema on Saturday or on Sunday ?

我们是周六还是周日去电影院?

反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见,但没把握,希望对方来证实。

注意反意疑问句的结构是:肯定的陈述句+否定的疑问句(缩略形式)

或:否定的陈述句+肯定的疑问句(缩略形式)

两部分的人称和时态要一致。

特别要注意否定的疑问句中的助动词必须缩写,主语(最后一个词)必须是代词而不能是名词。

e.g. Your sister has ever been to Shanghai , hasn't she ?

你姐姐曾经去过上海是吗?

The boys didn't find anything , did they ?

男孩子们什么也没找到/发现,是不是?

在回答反意疑问句时,要根据事实而定,事实是肯定的要回答Yes , …,事实是否定的要回答No, ….

e.g. He isn't going to the meeting , is he ?

他不去参加会,是吗?

Yes , he is . 不,他要去。

No , he isn't. 是的/对,他不去。

It didn't snow last week , did it ?

上周没有下雪,对吗?

Yes , it did. / No , it didn't. 不,下雪了。是的,没下雪。

3. 掌握祈使句的肯定式和否定式。祈使句没有主语。指让对方做某事,动词要用原形。表示请求,命令、建议等。

e.g. Go back to your seat , please. 请回到你的座位上去。

Don't make so much noise. 不要吵吵闹闹。

Let's go to school together ! 咱们一起上学去吧!

(let's是含有第一人称主语的祈使句)

Let him help the child. 让他帮助那个孩子。(let him是含有第三人称主语的祈使句)

注意:否定形式是Let's (us , me)+not +动词原形

e.g. Let's not say anything about it.

对于这件事,咱们什么也不要说了。

4. 表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句,理解由What和How引导的感叹句的语序和感叹句的使用方法。How和What与所修饰的词放在句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。在口语中谓语常省略。

(1)how作状语,修饰形容词,副词或动词

结构:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语

How nice the flowers are ! 花多漂亮啊!

How hard he works ! 他工作的多努力啊!

(2)what作宾语,修饰名词(名词前可有其他定语),单词可数名词前要加不定冠词a(an).

结构:What a (an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语

e.g. What a clever girl (she is )!

她是一个多么聪明的女孩啊!

What delicious food ! 多么好吃的食物啊!

句子的类型可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

简单句:The Simple Sentence由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子

e.g. I get up at six thirty in the morning.

My mother and I often go shopping.

并列句:The Compound Sentence 由并列词and , so , but , or等)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。要掌握并列句的构成及用法。

e.g. I help him and he helps me. 我帮他,他帮我。

This is our first lesson , so I don't know all your names.

这是我们的第一节课,所以我不认识你们。

She likes bread and milk , but she doesn't like eggs at all.

她喜欢吃面包和牛奶,但她一点儿也不喜欢吃鸡蛋。

复合句:The Complex Sentence 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子

e.g. If you are ill , you must see the doctor.

如果你病了,一定要去看医生。(状语从句)

I hope he's better tomorrow.

我希望他明天身体更好一些。(宾语从句)

熟练掌握宾语从句的语序及关联词that , if / whether , what , who , which , whose , when , what time , where , how 等的用法,以及宾语从句的时态。

在复合句中作主句的宾语,叫宾语从句。

注意:宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序。

e.g. I asked him if he was a student.

宾语从句的时态呼应是:主句的时态是一般现在时,从句可以是任何一个时态。

如果主句的时态是一般过去时,从句必须是过去时态的一种形式。

当表示事实、真理、自然现象时必须用一般现在时。

e.g. The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.

老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。

请注意防止出现以下错误:

A. They said that they'll leave if Peter stays.

时态错误,应改为:They said that they would leave if Peter stayed.

B. He asked why were you late for school.

语序错误,应改为:He asked why you were late for school .

C. Her brother asked me whose book this was ?

标点错误,问号应该改为句号。

熟练掌握由when , before , after , as soon as , until , because , than , if , so …that等词引导的时间、原因,比较,条件、结果状语从句。

在复合句中修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词等的从句叫作状语从句。

时间状语从句:

When she reached home , she had a short rest.

当她到家时,她休息了一会儿。

Judy had finished writing the book before she went to Queensland.

朱娣在去昆士兰之前已经写完了那本书。

I went to bed after I finished my article.

我写完文章之后才上床。

As soon as the bell rang the students, stopped talking to each other.

铃声一响,学生们就停止了谈话。

We won't leave until the headteacher comes back.

班主任回来我们才会离开。

原因状语从句:

The children went to the farm , because the farmers needed some help.

孩子们去农场是因为农民们需要帮忙。

比较状语从句:Jim is older than Lucy is.

吉姆比露西大。

条件状语从句:

If it rains tomorrow , we won't hold a sports meeting on the sportsground .

如果明天下雨,我们就不在运动场上开运动会了。

结果状语从句:

The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.

这个箱子太沉以致于我无法抬起来。

目的状语从句:

The headmaster spoke loudly so that all the students could hear what he said.

校长高声讲话为的是全体学生能够听到他所讲的话。

让步状语从句:

Although he is young , he knows a lot of things.

虽然他年龄小,但却认识许多事情。

状语从句的时态要与主句时态相互呼应。但要注意以as soon as , when , until等引导的时间状语从句表示将来的动作时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来。

e.g. He will write to me as soon as he gets to America.

他一到美国就给我写信。

When I see him , I will tell him this good news.

当我见到他时,我将告诉他这个好消息。

We won't leave until we finish our homework .

直到完成作业我们才会离开。

以if引导的条件状语从句假设的是将来的动作,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。

e.g. He will come to see me if he has time. 如果条件状语从句放在宾语从句中,时态则依照宾语从句的要求而变。

e.g. My mother said she would buy me a book if I studied hard.

我母亲说如果我努力学习,她要给我买一本书。

以because引导的原因状语从句不可能和so一起连用。

e.g. He didn't come to school yesterday because he was ill.

他昨天没来学校,因为他生病了。

注意防止出现以下错误:

A. I'm sure he'll ring you up if he will come back.

从句时态错误,will come应该改为comes.

B. Because he was tired , so he went to bed very early.

中文习惯用"因为……所以……",但在英语中because不能和so同时使用,应该去掉其中的一个。

英语语法句子结构1

句子的成分

1.定义:组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分,即:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。表语、宾语、宾语补足语都是谓语里的组成部分。

句子成分 意 义 例 句

主 语 表示句子所说的是"什么人"或"什么事物",一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。 Lucy is an American girl .

We study in No.1 Middle School .

谓 语 说明主语"做什么"、"是什么"或者"怎么样"。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)用动词。谓语和主语在"人称"和"数"两方面必须一致 We love China . / She is singing .

Mike hopes to be a doctor . / His parents are farmers .

表 语 说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。 Her aunt is a driver . / Are you ready ?

We were at home last night .

句子成分 意 义 例 句

宾 语 表示动词、行为的对象,由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。 He often helps me . / We study English at school.( 励志天下 www.lizhi123.net )

Did you see him yesterday ?

定 语 用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词外,还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 The black bike is mine. / What's your name, please ?

We have four lessons in the morning ?

状 语 用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来表示。 People are all working hard. / It is very nice.

We had a meeting this afternoon .

宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。这类词有:make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let等。 He made me very angry.

I find him a good boy .

英语语法句子结构2

一、名词复数规则

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2.以s。 x。 sh。 ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

3.以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 〕

Leaf--leaves

5.不规则名词复数:

man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,

child-children

foot-feet,。tooth-teeth

fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

写出下列各词的复数

I _________him _________this ___________her ______

watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______

day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________

tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____

peach______ sandwich ______dish_______bus_______

man______ woman_______

二、一般现在时

一般现在时基本用法介绍

【No。 1】一般现在时的功能

1。表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue。天空是蓝色的。

2。表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day。我天天六点起床。

3。表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun。地球绕着太阳转。

一般现在时的构成

1。 be动词:主语 be(am,is,are) 其它。如:

I am a boy。我是一个男孩。

2。行为动词:主语 行为动词( 其它)。如:

We study English。我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”。如:Mary likes Chinese。玛丽喜欢汉语。

【No。 2】一般现在时的变化

1。 be动词的变化。

否定句:主语 be not 其它。

如:He is not a worker。他不是工人。

一般疑问句:Be 主语 其它。

如:-Are you a student?

-Yes。 I am。 / No, I‘m not。

非凡疑问句:疑问词 一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?

2。行为动词的变化。

否定句:主语 don’t( doesn‘t ) 动词原形( 其它)。如:

I don’t like bread。

当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn‘t构成否定句。如:

He doesn’t often play。

一般疑问句:Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它。如:

- Do you often play football?

- Yes, I do。 / No, I don‘t。

当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:

- Does she go to work by bike?

- Yes, she does。 / No, she doesn’t。

动词 s的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

2.以s。 x。 sh。 ch。 o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3.以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies