戏剧短句英语翻译集合56句

时间: 2022-11-17 句子 我要投稿 人气:

戏剧短句英语翻译集合56句

余光中的作品风格极不统一,诗风是因题材而异的,而且多是乡愁和爱情的作品。在他看来,他认为翻译与创作密不可分。

戏剧的翻译有异于其他文类的翻译,因为戏剧的译本必须考虑实际的演出。剧本要面对的,还有观众,甚至听众,不像其他的文学作品只需要面对读者。读者读不懂一段诗、一段散文或一段小说,可以厌倦沉思或者再读一遍。观众(其实是听众)听不懂一段台词,却不能请演员再说一次。在一切的文体之中,戏剧当然最近口语。所以剧本的译文,正如其原文,必须入耳便懂,也因此,比起其他文体来,更应贴切“目标语言”的习惯,最忌生硬不化的直译,尤以翻译针锋相对的喜剧为然。小说里也有对话,有时还颇占分量,简·奥丝婷的小说便是一例。这一点和剧本相通。

不过,小说人物的对话不尽针锋相对,更不必妙语如珠。小说中的对话大可从容体会,不想剧本的对话稍纵即逝,没有第二次机会。拉迪根就说过:“小说家可以一连几页不理读者;戏剧家绝对不敢有一分钟丢下观众。”1戏剧家尚且如此殷勤地照顾观众,剧本的译者岂可不战战兢兢,亦步亦趋?不称职的译文,如果所译的是小说,读者寻思一下或者再看一段,或许勉可猜测。但若所译是剧本,而其关键又在对话,那真是要误尽观众,害死演员,祸延作家。如果那作家偏偏是锦心绣口的王尔德呢,生气之余,真不敢想象他会说出什么语惊四座的缺德话来。

我译王尔德的喜剧《不可儿戏》,不但是为中国的读者,更是为中国的观众和演员。所以译者的理想是:读者顺眼、观众入耳、演员上口。为了对得起维美主义的才子,中译本的《不可儿戏》应该是活生生的舞台剧,不是死板板的书斋剧。我译过的文类包括诗、散文、小说、评论,但是对付戏剧,我的译笔却大异其趣。译诗的读者,举例说吧,本身就可能是位准诗人,或者是位小小学者,对于曲折的句式、复杂的文体,不妨从容解析。可是在台下看《不可儿戏》的,却是大众,至少也是小众了。对于济济一堂匆匆三小时的千万观众,我的译文必须调整到适度的口语化,听起来才像话,才像中国话。

西化的译文,在笔下已经难以卒读,到了口头就更不像话。最理想的翻译当然是既达原意,又存原文。推而求其次,如果难存原文,只好就迳达原意,不顾原文表面的说法了。且举二例说明:

Algernon. How are you my dear Earnest? What brings you up to town?

Jack. Oh pleasure pleasure! What else should bring one anywhere?

这是第一幕开头的对话。杰克的答话,如果只顾原文,就成了“哦,乐趣,乐趣!什么别的是应该带一个人去任何地方吗?”表面上是忠于原文了, 其实并未照顾到原意,等于不忠。这样的直译真是“阳奉阴违”。我的译文是“哦,寻欢作乐呀!一个人出门,还为了别的吗?”

Lady Brackwell. Where is that baby?

Miss Prism. Lady Brackwell I admit with shame that I do not know. I only wish that I could.

这是接近临终的一段,为全剧情节所系,十分重要。答话的第二句如果迳译“我但愿我能够知道”,当然没错,也听得懂,可是不传神,所以无力。我译成“要是我知道就好了。”

英文的文法喜欢用名词,尤其是抽象名词,译者遇见,最难过关。像什么realization,甚至institutionalization之类的字眼,在中文里最难安顿。若是不幸这一类抽象名词当了一句话的主语,那就真是译者的险境。例如下面这段:

Gwendolen. Ernest has a strong upright nature. He is the very soul of truth and honour. Disloyalty would be as impossible to him as deception.

抽象名词这么多,中文最难消化。末句如果译成“不忠对于他将如欺骗一样不可能”,台上人岂不显得愚蠢,台下人也必感到茫然。我的译文是“他绝对不会见异思迁,也不会作假骗人”。原文的“不忠”与“欺骗”本是抽象名词,改成“见异思迁”与“作假骗人”,就变做两个短语,两件事情,显得具体落实,好懂得多。中文里的四字成语或四字句法,千万不可小看。在新诗和散文里,四字成语当然不宜多用,但在日常口语或演员的台词里,听来却响亮而稳当,入耳便化。

Lady Bracknell. Hesitation of any kind is a sign of mental decay in the young of physical weakness in the old.

这一句的抽象名词也不少。尤其是句首的主词,如果只译成二字词组的“犹豫”或“迟疑”,都会显得唐突不稳。我是这样译的:“犹豫不决,无论是什么姿态,都显示青年人智力衰退,老年人体力不足。”四字成语在中文里不但句法稳健,而且声调铿锵,这种对仗的“同义叠词”,比起单行的词语来,确是见效得多。且看下例:

杰克的答话如果译成“哦,邻居们,邻居们。”或是“哦,邻居呀,邻居呀。”都是我所谓的“单行词”,势必显得孤立无援,软弱无力。可是如果动用四字成语的“同义叠词”,译成“哦,左邻右舍呀,”就稳健得多了。

Algernon. And who are the people you amuse?

Jack (airily). Oh neighbours neighbours.

这一组对话里,如将答语译成“劳小姐说,一切美貌都是陷阱”,固然不错,却不如用对仗的四字成语,译为“劳小姐说,华容月貌都是陷阱。”

Algernon. You are the prettiest girl I ever saw.

Cecily. Miss Prism says that all good looks are a snare.

遇见长句时,译者要解决的难题,往往首在句法,而后才是词语。对付复杂的长句之道,不一而足,有时需要拆开重装,有时需要首尾对调。一般译者但知顺译(即依原文次序),而不知有时逆译(即将原文倒装)才像中文,才顿挫有力。

Lady Bracknell. I should be much obliged if you would ask Mr. Bunbury from me to be kind enough not to have a relapse on Saturday for I rely on you to arrange my music for me.

这种句法就顺译不得,只好拆而复装,成为“要是你能替我求梁勉仁先生做做好事,别尽挑礼拜六来发病,我就感激不尽了,因为我还指望你为我安排音乐节目呢。”

Miss Prism. I do not think that even I could produce any effect on a character that according to his own brother’s admission is irretrievably weak and vacillating. I am not in favour of this modern mania for turning bad people into good people at a moment’s notice.

一连两个长句,或因副属子句尾大难掉,或因介词片语层层相套,都不宜顺译。我的译文是:“他自己的哥哥都承认他性格懦弱,意志动摇,已经不可救药;对这种人,我看连我也起不了什么作用。一声通知,就要把坏蛋变成好人,现代人这种狂热我也不赞成。”[3]

看得出,两句都是逆译了。值得注意的是,两句译文都以动词结尾,正可说明,在不少场合,英文句子可以拖一条受词的长尾,换了是中文就拖不动。所以我往往先解决复杂迤长的受词,在放出动词来施以回马一枪。

遇见典故,为免中国观众莫名其妙,我一律不采原典,只将它泯化于无形。好在句中用典不多,无须大动手脚。例如杰克向关多琳求婚,受挫于巴夫人,气得对亚杰能说:

Jack. Her mother is perfectly unbearable. Never met such a Gorgon …. I don’t really know what a Gorgon is like but I am quite sure that Lady Bracknell is one.

其中Gorgon是指希腊神话中的蛇发女妖,见者莫不化为顽石。如果迳予音译,例如“果更”之类,听众根本不懂。如果译成“蛇发女妖”,则巴夫人明明是带高耸的花帽,难与蛇发联想。不如简单明了,就说她是女妖。结果我译成了“母夜叉”。相信此词无人不懂,同时,“夜叉”来自梵文,玄奘在《大唐西域记》中译成“药叉”, 也算是外来的妖怪。It is rather Quixotic of you 我就译成“你真是天真烂漫”。

如果译诗,我大半会保留原文的专有名词,说什么“你真像唐吉诃德”。最可笑的一句是电铃骤响,亚杰能说:啊!这一定是欧姨妈了。只有亲戚或者债主上门,电铃才会揿得这么惊天动地”。后面一句的原文是

Only relatives or creditors ever ring in that Wagnerian manner.

我个人觉得真是好笑,因为这时华格纳才死不久, 又是萧伯纳郑重鼓吹的歌剧大师,其乐英雄气盛,往往金鼓其鸣。可惜一般观众不知华格纳的乐风,听到“只有亲戚或者债主才会把铃揿得像华格纳一样”,只会感到茫然,至少不会哄堂大笑。

王尔德是唯美大师,也是对仗高手。叶慈就说,他这位爱尔兰乡长即使在说话的时候,也咳金唾玉,妙句出口,总是完美无陷,又十七世纪对比文体(antithetical prose) 之风。其实早在十六世纪,英国作家里李黎因“优浮绮思:巧析篇”

(Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit)一书创立了优浮绮盛(Euphuism)的风格,不但讲究句法对称,更佐以纷至沓来的双声、双关、典故,和草木鱼虫之学,其华丽纷繁近于我国的骈文,但总不如中文方块字对仗起来,那么灵活自然。在第一幕里,亚杰能对杰克传授两面人之道:

Algernon. You have invented a very useful younger brother called Ernest in order that you may be able to come up to town as often as you like. I have invented an invaluable permanent invalid called Bunbary in order that I may be able to go down into the country whenever I choose.

我的译文是:“你创造了一个妙用无穷的弟弟名叫仁真,便于随时进城来。我呢创造了一个无价之宝的长期病人叫梁伯仁,便于随时下乡去”。英文里面能变的那一点对仗花样,中文要学样,实在绰绰有余。吾友梁佳萝教授英文名字与中文谐音,叫Gaylord,颇引人遐思。我们在中文大学同事的时候,我曾为他戏拟一联曰:

The merry wives of Windsor

The gaylord of Shatin.

王尔德出世之年与林纾相近,可惜他不生于中国,否则以他的一管彩笔,必能成为比美六朝的骈文大家。且看亚杰能对求婚失利的杰克怎么说:

Algernon. Relations are simply a tedious pack of people who haven’t got the remotest knowledge of how to live nor the smallest instinct about when to die.

这一点对仗当然也难不倒中文:“五亲六戚都是一批讨厌的人,完全不明白如何生得其道,也根本不领悟如何死得其时”。[4]

最难缠的当然是文字游戏,尤其是一语双关,偏偏王尔德又是最擅此道。《不可儿戏》里有不少这样的“趣格”(trick),十之八九我都勉力凑趣,原先的那点趣格也只好另成一格了。

Jack. Well that is no business of yours.

Algernon. If it was my business I wouldn’t talk about it. It is very vulgar to talk about one’s business. Only people like stockbrokers do that and then merely at dinner parties.

这一段不算王尔德的精华,可是其中的business一字造成的'趣格在中文里却难两全。我只好改道而行,把stockbroker换成了politician,成了“要是跟我有关系,我才不讲呢。讲关系最俗气了。只有政客那种人才讲关系,而且只在餐桌上讲”。翻译本是一种妥协的艺术,而且原文愈妙,翻译就愈妥协。不过有时碰到中文的强势,译文就

算不能压倒原文,至少也能分庭抗礼,连王尔德自己看了,也不免一笑吧。劳小姐劝蔡牧师结婚,妙语如下:

Miss Prism. You should get married. A misanthrope I can understand – a womanthrope never!

劳小姐咬文嚼字,把misogynist(憎恨女人者)误成了womanthrope,但妙在和前文的misanthrope同一格式,虽然不通,却很难缠。如果我不接受挑战,将就一下,译成“一个厌世者我可以了解——一个厌女者,决不!”当然也没有大错,可实在听众不懂之外,还势必漏掉了那半通不通的怪字。最后我是这样变通的:“一个人恨人类而要独善其身,我可以了解——一个人恨女人而要独抱其身,就完全莫名其妙!” [5]

这么一来,当然是通了,但是也变了,变到王尔德设下的圈套之外,变得王尔德更——更什么呢,更妙了。这好像太不谦虚了。不过,谦虚原非王尔德的美德,对王尔德谦虚,恐怕是表错情了。译者原本无意跟唯美的才子较量,只是中文之势已成骑虎,译者怎能不乘势呢?

英文的cynicism(愤世嫉俗)和Sinicism(中国风土)拼法稍异,但读音相同。现在且以我的Sinicism来对付王尔德的cynicism。在翻译《不可儿戏》时,我接了他好几十招,现在,轮到他接我一招了。我要以译者的身份对他说:I have presented you in a new version of Sinicism. Has it occurred to you Oscar that you could be rendered so Sinical?

奥斯卡,不知道这两句话该如何翻译?

注释:

[1] A novelist may lose his readers for a few pages a playwright never dares lose his audience for a minute – Terence Rattigan in New York Journal – American Oct. 29 1956.

[2] 《不可儿戏》中译本于1983年由台大大地出版社出版。1984年6月,中译本在香港大会堂一连演出13场,8场粤语,5场国语,由杨世彭导演。1984年6月,在原地再演14场,均为粤语,仍由杨世彭导演。同年6月底,杨世彭率领香港话剧团原有班底,去广州演出3场。1990年8月,此剧在台北市国家剧院演出11场,仍由杨氏导演。1991年5月,又在高雄市中正文化中心演出3场,由黄以功导演。

[3] 钱之德译《名叫欧纳斯特的重要性》里,此段译文是:“据他兄弟自己承认,他天生不可救药的软弱和犹豫。我认为,我的话对他不会起什么作用。我不赞同这种现代的狂热,用一时的警告来使人改邪归正”。(见1983年广州花城出版社的钱之德译《王尔德戏剧选》,235页。)钱氏的中译本谬误甚多。

[4] 钱译为“亲戚简直都是一般讨厌的家伙。他们一点不懂得怎样享乐生活,也完全没有预知什么时候死去的本能”。(见花城版228页)原文的对仗没有译出,令人难信王尔德的台词竟会如此拖沓。

[5] 钱译为“您应该结婚。厌世者,我是了解的——一个女性气质的厌世者,我就不能了解了!”(见花城版241页)后半句完全误解。劳小姐希望蔡牧师跟她结婚,她不在乎蔡牧师悲观厌世,却不容他厌憎女人,顽守独身。“女性气质的厌世者”是指谁呢?简直无的放矢。钱译大谬之处多不胜数。且看下例:“星期三晚上吃饭是他说,你必须在本地区,邻近地区和澳大利亚三者之间作出选择”。(见花城版239页)

(He said at dinner on Wednesday night that you would have to c0hoose between this world the next world and Australia.) 又一谬例为“宽恕,亲爱的普丽斯姆小姐,宽恕!我们谁也不是十全十美。我本人对下西洋挑起就特别容易着迷”。(见花城版243页)

(Charity dear Miss Prism charity! None of us are perfect. I myself am peculiarly susceptible to draughts.) 当时众人正在研究杰克假弟弟的死因,杰克谎称是死于重伤风。劳小姐竟说:“这都是报应”。所以蔡牧师劝他厚道一点,且说他自己也特别敏感,吹不得风。那意思是说,他也容易感冒伤风,此与西洋跳棋实在风马牛不相及。

原文刊载于Translation and Interpreting: Bridging East and West. Selected Conference Papers. Eds. Richard K. Seymour & C. C. Liu. College of Languages

Linguistics and Literature University of Hawaii and West-West Center. 1994. pp.155-161.

篇一:英语长句子

1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.

1.美洲羚羊,或称叉角羚,是该大陆典型的草原动物。

2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.

2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中,有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢?

3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.

3.人类学家们已经发现,恐惧,快乐,悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色,这在全人类是共通的。

4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.

4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用,它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。

5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.

5.任何盈利组织若要生存,最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。

6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.

6.一个地方的人口越多,其对水,交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。

7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.

7.简明,直接,有力的写作难于花哨,含混而意义模糊的表达。

8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.

8.随着现代办公室的日益自动化,设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。

9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.

9.诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的,而后者是口头的。

10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.

10.膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。

11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.

11.酸是一种化合物,它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性,并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。

12. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.

12. Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。

13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.

13.理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。

14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.

14.儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前,很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。

15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.

15.受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐,农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。

16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.

16.机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷,以便校准机械计时器。

17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.

17.人类学是一门科学,因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果,而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。

18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.

18.真菌在腐化过程中十分重要,而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤,提高其肥力,并分解动物粪便。

19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.

19.音叉被敲击时,产生几乎纯质的音调,其音量经久不衰。

20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.

20.虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。

21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.

21.用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。

22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.

22.一个国家的主要食物是什么,大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。

23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.

23.在大量的实验中,某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率。

24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.

24.大多数物质遇冷收缩,所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。

25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.

25.大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。

26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.

26.到了二十一世纪中叶,美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。

27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.

27.伊丽莎白市,一个重要的航运和制造业中心,坐落于新泽西州的东部。

28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.

28. Elizabeth Blackwell,美国第一个女医生,创建了员工一直为女性纽约诊所。

29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.

29. Alexander Graham Bell曾告诉家人,他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师,而非电话的发明者。

30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.

30.采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰,因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起。

31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.

31.骨头看起来是脆硬的,但它也有一定的弹性,使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。

32. That xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.

32.科学家曾相信:氙气是不能形成化合物的。

33. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of

life. 33.对风暴动力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失,避免人员伤亡。

34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed. 34.消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。

35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.

35.未来主义,二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮。拒绝一切传统,试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。

36. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.

36. Everglades是美国境内最为荒凉和人迹罕至的地区之一,此处有大量的野生动植物而且大多受(法律)保护。

37. Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.

37. Lucretia Mott’s的影响巨大,所以一些权威部门认定她为美国女权运动的创始人。

38. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.

38.国际市场研究者的活动范围常常较国内市场研究者广阔。

39. The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.

39.大陆分水岭是指北美洛矶山脉上的一道想象线,该线把大西洋流域和太平洋流域区分开来。

40. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.

40.对地球引力的研究表明,在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移。

41. The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.

41.尤它州制造业的年产值大于其工业和农业的总和。

42. The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.

42.墙花之所以叫墙花,是因为其脆弱的枝干经常要靠墙壁或顺石崖生长,以便有所依附。

43. It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.

43.社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之间的交往,而不是他们各自生活中的事件。

44. No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.

44.给美国的新移民增加教育设施比任何社会运动都更多的激发了Elizabeth Williams的热情。

45. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.

45.典型的鹌鹑都长有短而圆的翅膀,凭此他们可以在受惊时一跃而起,飞离它们的躲藏地。

46. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.

46.根据人类学家的说法,直立行走的人的鼻祖面部轮廓与黑猩猩相似,额头后倾,眉毛突出。

47. Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.

47.直到1866年第一条横跨大西洋的电缆才完全成功的架通。

48. In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.

48. John Crowe Ransom在他的著作中描述了他认为是由科学技术给社会带来的精神贫困。

49. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.

49.父母的教导如果坚定,始终如一和理性,孩子就有可能充满自信。

篇二:英语长句子翻译技巧

对于每一个英语句子的翻译, 并不只是使用一种翻译方法, 而是多种翻译方法的综合运用, 这在英语长句的翻译中表现得尤为突出。长句在科技性的文体中的出现极为频繁, 因此也就成为研究生入学考试的重点, 通过对近年来试题的分析我们可以看出, 所考查的绝大多数划线的部分都是长句。在翻译长句时, 首先,不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理,因为,无论是多么复杂的句子,它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构, 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的特点和表达方式, 正确地译出原文的意思, 不必拘泥于原文的形式。 英语长句的分析

一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面:

(1) 修饰语过多;

(2) 并列成分多;

(3) 语言结构层次多。

在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:

(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。

(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。

(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。

(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。

(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。

(6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配

英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念, 而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句, 作层次分明的叙述。因此, 在进行英译汉时, 要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异, 将英语的长句分解, 翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中, 我们一般采取下列的方法。

(1) 顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。

(2) 逆序法。英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同, 甚至完全相反, 这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。

(3)分句法。有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切, 翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯, 把长句的从句或短语化成句子, 分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时需要适当增加词语。

(4) 综合法。上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法, 事实上,在翻译一个英语长句时, 并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法, 而是要求我们把各种方法综合使用, 这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。尤其是在一些情况下, 一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便, 这就需要我们的仔细分析, 或按照时间的先后,或按照逻辑顺序, 顺逆结合, 主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子

篇三:英语长句子的翻译

一、英语长句的分析

一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:

(1) 找出全句的'主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。

(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。

(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。

(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。

(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。

(6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。

下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析:

例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。

(2) 该句共有五个谓语结构, 它们的谓语动词分别为suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience等, 这五个谓语结构之间的关系为: Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构为主句; who is raised in an environment为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为child; where there are many stimuli为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为environment; which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为stimuli; 在suggest的宾语从句中, 主语为child, 谓语为experience, 宾语为greater intellectual development. 在作了如上的分析之后, 我们就会对该句具有了一个较为透彻的理解, 然后根据我们上面所讲述的各种翻译方法, 就可以把该句翻译成汉语为:

行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。

例2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. (85年考题)

分析: (1) 该句的骨干结构为it is more … to do sth than to do sth else. 是一个比较结构, 而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。

(2) 该句中共有三个谓语结构, 它们之间的关系为: it is more convenient as well as cheaper to … 为主体结构, 但it是形式主语, 真正的主语为第二个谓语结构: to sit comfortably at home, 并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。

(3) 句首的for a family of four作状语, 表示条件。另外, 还有两个介词短语作插入语: for example, with almost unlimited entertainment available,其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语, 修饰to sit comfortably at home.

综合上述翻译方法,这个句子我们可以翻译为:

譬如, 对于一个四口之家来说, 舒舒服服地在家中看电视, 就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目, 这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。

二、长句的翻译

英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念, 而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句, 作层次分明的叙述。因此, 在进行英译汉时, 要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异, 将英语的长句分解, 翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中, 我们一般采取下列的方法。

(1) 顺序法。当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。例如:

例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. (84年考题)

分析: 该句子由一个主句, 三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成, 共有五层意思: A. 既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时; B.电仍在为我们工作;

C. 帮我们开动电冰箱; D. 加热水; E. 或是室内空调机继续运转。上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致, 因此, 我们可以通过顺序法, 把该句翻译成:

即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。

例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. (84年考题)

分析: 该句的骨干结构为“It is realized that…”, it为形式主语, that引导着主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to …结构, 其中, 不定式作主语, the time …是“expectation of life”的同位语, 进一步解释其含义, 而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。五个谓语结构, 表达了四个层次的意义: A. 可是现在人们意识到; B. 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的; C. 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”; D. 将这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时间。根据同位语从句的翻译方法, 把第四层意义的表达作适当的调整, 整个句子就翻译为:

可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”, 也就是说, 经过若干年后, 这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。

下面我们再列举几个实例: 例3. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.

在20世纪以前, 小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点, 因而无法成为具有个性的人; 他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。

例4. This method of using “controls” can be applied to a variety of situations, and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as “Must moisture be present if iron is to rust?” and “Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?”

这种使用参照物的方法可以应用于许多种情况, 也能用来找到很不相同的各种问题的答案, 从“铁生锈, 是否必须有一定的湿度才行?”到“哪种豆类一季的产量最高?”

例5. It begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event; it grows as a mature interest in the variety and complexity of the drama, the splendid achievements and terrible failures; it ends as deep sense of the mystery of man's life of all the dead, great and obscure, who once walked the earth, and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being.

我们对历史的爱好起源于我们最初仅对一些历史上的宏伟场面和激动人心的事件感到

孩童般的兴趣; 其后, 这种爱好变得成熟起来, 我们开始对历史这出“戏剧”的多样性和复杂性, 对历史上的辉煌成就和悲壮失败也感兴趣; 对历史的爱好, 最终以我们对人类生命的一种深沉的神秘感而告结束。 对死去的, 无论是伟大与平凡, 所有在这个地球上走过而已逝的人,都有能取得伟大奇迹或制造可怕事件的潜力。

例6. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment , they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.

如果做父母的对这种青少年的反应有所准备, 而且认为这是一个显示出孩子正在成长, 正在发展珍贵的观察力和独立的判断力的标志, 他们就不会感到如此伤心, 所以也就不会因对此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面去。

(2) 逆序法。英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同, 甚至完全相反, 这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。例如:

例1. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity. 分析: 这个句子由一个主句, 两个原因状语和一个定语从句, “铝直到19世纪才被人发现”是主句, 也是全句的中心内容, 全句共有四个谓语结构, 共有五层意思: A. 铝直到19世纪才被人发现; B. 由于在自然界找不到游离状态的铝; C. 由于它总是跟其他元素结合在一起; D. 最普遍的是跟氧结合; E. 铝跟氧有很强的亲和力。按照汉语的表达习惯通常因在前, 果在后, 这样, 我们可以逆着原文的顺序把该句翻译成:

铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧结合; 因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力, 由于这个原因, 在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以, 铝直到19世纪才被人发现。

例2. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.

分析: 该句由一个主句, 一个条件状语从句和一个宾语从句组成, “……变得越来越重要”是主句, 也是全句的中心内容, 全句共有三个谓语结构, 包含三层含义: A. ……变的越来越重要; B. 如果要使学生充分利用他们的机会; C. 得为他们提供大量更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。为了使译文符合汉语的表达习惯, 我们也采用逆序法, 翻译成:

因此, 如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会, 就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息, 作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。

下面我们再举几个实例:

例3. It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.

一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型, 再往下学似乎就越来越难了, 这其中的原因, 也许教师比学生更容易理解。

例4. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.

对于以往几代人来说, 旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段, 而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动, 因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。

例5.A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when

in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.

50年代后期的美国出现了一个任何人都不可能视而不见的现象, 穷知识分子以“跨掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国典型的穷人, 正是这个时候大批大学生被赶进了知识分子的贫民窟。

例6. Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.

许多人宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位, 这在西方倒是人之常情。

例7. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.

假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们, 昆虫将吞噬我们所有的庄稼, 害死我们的牛羊家畜, 使我们不能生存于世。

(3)分句法。有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切, 翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯, 把长句的从句或短语化成句子, 分开来叙述,为了使语意连贯, 有时需要适当增加词语。例如:

例1. The number of the young people in the United States who can't read is incredible about one in four.

上句在英语中是一个相对简单的句子, 但是如果我们按照原文的句子结构死译, 就可能被翻译成:

没有阅读能力的美国青年人的数目令人难以相信约为1/4。 这样, 就使得译文极为不通顺, 不符合汉语的表达习惯, 因此, 我们应该把它译为: 大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力, 这简直令人难以置信。 例2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining. (85年考题)

分析: 在此长句中, 有一个插入语“it is often said”, 三个并列的谓语结构, 还有一个定语从句, 这三个并列的谓语结构尽管在结构上同属于同一个句子,但都有独立的意义, 因此在翻译时, 可以采用分句法, 按照汉语的习惯把整个句子分解成几个独立的分句, 结果为: 人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。

下面我们再举一个例子:

例3. All they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match. (85年考题)

他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。开关一开, 就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧, 以及其他各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论、最近的激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。 例4. Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.

虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式, 但是行星的数目如此之多, 以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。

(4) 综合法。上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法, 事实上,在翻译一个

英语长句时, 并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法, 而是要求我们把各种方法综合使用, 这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。尤其是在一些情况下, 一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便, 这就需要我们的仔细分析, 或按照时间的先后, 或按照逻辑顺序, 顺逆结合, 主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。例如: 例1. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.

分析: 该句共有三层含义: A: 人们不敢出门; B: 尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况; C: 警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。在这三层含义中, B表示让步, C表示原因, 而A则表示结果, 按照汉语习惯顺序, 我们作如下的安排:

尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况, 但人们不敢出门, 因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。

下面我们再举几个例子:

例2. Modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, requires revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.

对于现代书籍, 特别是教科书来说, 要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步发展的话, 那么就应该每隔较短的时间, 将书中的内容重新修改。 例3. Taking his cue from Ibsen's A Doll's House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband's treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.

易卜生的剧作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉离家出走, 因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示, 从而告诫人们娜拉得需要钱来养活自己, 她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。

例4. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.

到目前为止, 经历了18和19两个世纪, 这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区。

篇四:如何完美地翻译英语长难句子

如何翻译英语长难句子

一、什么是英语长句,特点和分析方法

复合长句即包含各种语法关系和特殊句型的句子。英语多长句,这是因为英语可以有后置定语。扩展的后置定语可以是带从句或长修饰语的复杂句。

长句在科技性的文体中的出现频率很高,因此也就成为英语考试的重点。通过对近年来试题的分析,我们可以看出,所考的绝大多数都是长句。这些句子结构复杂,逻辑性强,翻译起来困难相当大。但是,无论多长的句子、多么复杂的结构,它们都是由一些基本的成分组成的。只要弄清英语原文的句法结构,找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思,然后分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系,再按汉语的特点和表达方式就可以译出原文了。在长句的英译汉实践中,我们始终应记住英汉在句法结构上的差异,不必拘泥于形式。

二、什么是英语长句?

英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句,复杂句里可能有多个从句,从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套,也可能并列,平行。所以翻译长句,实际上我们的重点主要放在对各种从句的翻译上。从功能来说,英语有三大复合句,即:①名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。

三、英语长句的特点是什么?

一般说来,英语长句有如下几个特点:

1)结构复杂,逻辑层次多;

2)常须根据上下文作词义的引申;

3)常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断;

4)并列成分多;

5)修饰语多,特别是后置定语很长;

6)习惯搭配和成语经常出现。

63.英语长句的分析方法是什么?

1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,即句子的主干结构;

2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;

3)分析从句和短语的功能,例如,是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词,短语和从句之间的关系;

4)分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。

在翻译长句时, 首先,不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理,因为,无论是多么复杂的句子,它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构, 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的特点和表达方式, 正确地译出原文的意思, 不必拘泥于原文的形式。

四、英语长句的分析

一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。 在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:

(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。

(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。

(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。

(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。

(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。

(6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。

下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析:

例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。

(2) 该句共有五个谓语结构, 它们的谓语动词分别为suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience等, 这五个谓语结构之间的关系为: Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构为主句; who is raised in an environment为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为child; where there are many stimuli为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为environment; which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为stimuli; 在suggest的宾语从句中, 主语为child, 谓语为experience, 宾语为greater intellectual development.

在作了如上的分析之后, 我们就会对该句具有了一个较为透彻的理解, 然后根据我们上面所讲述的各种翻译方法, 就可以把该句翻译成汉语为:

行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。

例2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.

分析: (1) 该句的骨干结构为it is more … to do sth than to do sth else. 是一个比较结构, 而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。

(2) 该句中共有三个谓语结构, 它们之间的关系为: it is more convenient as well as cheaper to … 为主体结构, 但it是形式主语, 真正的主语为第二个谓语结构: to sit comfortably at home, 并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。

(3) 句首的for a family of four作状语, 表示条件。另外, 还有两个介词短语作插入语: for example, with almost unlimited entertainment available,其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语, 修饰to sit comfortably at home. 综合上述翻译方法,这个句子我们可以翻译为:

譬如, 对于一个四口之家来说, 舒舒服服地在家中看电视, 就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目, 这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。

五、长句的翻译

英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念, 而汉语则不同,常常使用若干短句, 作层次分明的叙述。因此, 在进行英译汉时, 要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异, 将英语的长句分解, 翻译成汉语的短句。在英语长句的翻译过程中, 我们一般采取下列的方法。

(1) 顺序法。

当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。例如:

例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.

分析: 该句子由一个主句, 三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成, 共有五层意思: A. 既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时; B.电仍在为我们工作; C. 帮我们开动电冰箱; D. 加热水; E. 或是室内空调机继续运转。上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致, 因此, 我们可以通过顺序法, 把该句翻译成:

即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。

例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.

分析: 该句的骨干结构为“It is realized that…”, it为形式主语, that引导着主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to ?结构, 其中, 不定式作主语, the time ?是“expectation of life”的同位语, 进一步解释其含义, 而time后面的句子是它的定语从句。五个谓语结构, 表达了四个层次的意义: A. 可是现在人们意识到; B. 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的; C. 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”; D. 将这些已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽的时间。根据同位语从句的翻译方法, 把第四层意义的表达作适当的调整, 整个句子就翻译为:

可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”, 也就是说, 经过若干年后, 这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。 下面我们再列举几个实例:

篇五:经典英语长难句

1. Looking beyond the 10-year period, the botanists estimate that some 3,000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future—more than 10 percent of the approximately 25,000 species of plants in the United States.

在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们估计,在未来可预见到的时间内,3 000种本地植物——占美国近25 000种植物的10%——将可能灭绝。

2. The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration, because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.

野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙,当然不能被看做是一种探险行为,因为,这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地,以躲避气候的季节性变化。

3. Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits: it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics; can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn‘t traditionally have; can improve the nutritional value of products; and can produce cheaper and more environmentallyfriendly fertilizers.

转基因食物的倡导者指出,用生物技术生产食物有很多益处:它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度,并使它们具有所要求的特点;它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征;可以改进食物的营养价值;可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。

4. What makes this debate unique is that every meal we eat is at its very core. And that fact means one thing: it‘s an issue to be discussed not only around policy tables, but dinner tables.

使这场辩论不同一般的是:我们吃的每顿饭都成为争论的中心。而且,这个事实意味着一件事:这不仅是政策制定会上应该讨论的问题,而且是饭桌上要讨论的问题。

5.“Contact us before writing your application”or“Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history” is how it is usually expressed.

“写申请前同我们联系”,“利用我们多年的经验来准备你的学历或工作经历”,这种广告经常这样宣传。

6. There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.

但是,毫无疑问,正是由于在申请工作的过程中具有大学学历的人数增加,使得

7. Other goals of the interview are: to answer questions successfully, obtain any additional information needed to make a decision, accent your special strengths, establish a positive relationship, show confidence, and to sell yourself.

参加面试其他的目标包括:成功地回答问题,为做决定获得更多信息,强调自己的特殊优势,建立良好的关系,表达自己的信心,推销自己。

8. Based on these goals, place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories: company data, personal data, and specific job data.

在明确这些目标的基础上,将自己设想为面试你的人,在以下三个方面为自己设想出一些问题以及这些问题的答案:公司数据信息,个人信息,有关某份工作的特定信息。

9. Since the interview will center on you, proper self-management process is divided into four stages: the before stage, the greeting stage, the consultation stage, and the departure stage.

既然面试的焦点是你,应该在以下四个阶段做出合理的准备:面试前阶段,问候阶段,商洽阶段,告别阶段。

10. The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter, concentrating on appearance and nonverbal communication, developing your portfolio, anticipating questions with positive responses, and arriving early. 面试前阶段包括写一封确认函、集中注意自己的仪表和非语言行为、准备好自己的

11. The greeting stage includes greeting everyone courteously, using waiting-room smarts, using your time wisely, and applying proper protocol when meeting the interviewer.

问候阶段包括礼貌地向每个人问候,在等候室灵活使用一些交往技能,合理地使用自己的时间,同面试你的人会面时恰如其分地使用一些礼节。

12. The consultation stage includes responsiveness and enthusiasm, knowing when to interject key points, showing sincerity, highlighting your strengths, and listening intently.

商洽阶段包括反应机敏、热情,知道何时应该(在交谈中)插入一些关键信息,要表现得诚恳,突出自己的优点,注意倾听。

13. If the company doesn‘t respond in two weeks, call back or write a follow-up letter. You may get turned down. If so, try to find out why as a means of self-improvement.

如果公司两周内没有反应,打个电话或再写封信过去。你可能没有被雇用,如果是这样的话,找出原因,以便进行自我改进。

14. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness—that terrible loneliness in which one‘s shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss.

我追求爱,其次是因为爱使我摆脱孤独。在这种可怕的孤独时刻,人们似乎处于世界的边缘,颤抖的意识面对着冷酷而死寂的无底深渊。

15. Non-traditional students, overwhelmingly female, began to study on a part-time basis, the numbers of women going to graduate school increased, and women sought entry to the non-traditional position of university faculty member.

新类型的学生——绝大多数是女生——开始半工半读式的学习,攻读研究生的女生数量增加了,妇女开始从事大学教师这样的非传统职业。

16. This decline occurred in both coeducational and women‘s colleges where women faculty declined from 72% in 1940 to 50% in 1955 and dropped to a low of 45% in 1978.

人数的减少普遍存在于男女同校的大学,也存在于女子学校。在女子学校,女教师的比例从1940年的72%减少到1955年的50%,到1978年降低到45%的低点。

17. More than one-third of employers in a new survey say they would probably cut off health benefits to their workers if Congress passes a law allowing patients to sue managed care plans for malpractice.

在一项新的调查中,有超过三分之一的雇主表示:如果国会通过一项使病人可以因管理不善起诉管理医疗保健计划的法律,雇主可能会削减工人的医疗补贴。

18. The employers apparently fear the legislation could open the door to the same kinds of suits against them. Companies are already struggling to contain rising health costs and deal with workers who complain that managed care blocks their access to care.

雇主显然担心这样的立法会为对他们类似的起诉打开大门。公司已经在竭力支付日益增长的医疗费用,处理工人们的投诉,这些工人认为管理医疗计划阻碍了他们享受医疗服务。

19. Although companies have relied on health maintenance organizations and other types of managed care firms to control costs through most of the 1990s, the Hewitt survey showed employers have serious concerns about the health plans.

在九十年代的大部分时间里,虽然公司依靠保健机构和其他类型的管理医疗公司来控制花费,Hewitt调查显示,雇主们很关心保健计划。

20. Whatever you decide to do in the way of part-time and vacation work while you‘re at university,make sure that you take the following issues into consideration before committing yourself:

在上学期间无论你决定做什么临时工作或假期内打工,在做出决定之前,你都应该考虑到下列问题:

21. Interface with the Business Development Support Group to assist in developing strategic communication plans for new business development, working with government relations and protocol specialist in supporting visits from various external stakeholders.

与业务开发支持部门协调,协助制定交际策略方案,开发新业务;帮助协调与政府的关系,同礼仪专家一道负责接待与公司有密切关系的外来造访者。

22. External communications experience in a media, corporate or agency setting, knowledge of media and communications vehicles and the fundamental principles of journalism and public relations, successful project management experience, with excellent communication and interpersonal skills.

有在媒体机构、公司或代理机构负责对外交际工作的经验,熟悉各种媒体和交际手段,熟知新闻和公共关系方面的基本原理,具有项目管理的成功经验,具有优良的交际和人际关系处理技能。

23. In many states this year, budget requests by state universities have had to be scaled back or frozen, while tuition, the share of the cost borne by the students themselves, has gone up—in some cases faster than the rate of inflation.

今年,在许多州,州立大学的预算不得不减少或冻结,而学费——学生所承担的费用——却上升了,在某些情况下上升得比通货膨胀率还要快。

24. So it was against this backdrop that members of the National Governors Association came together in this New England city this past week to discuss issues of common concern, one being higher education.

所以,正是在这种背景下,全国州长协会在过去的一周里聚集在这座新英格兰地区的城市,讨论他们共同关心的问题,其中之一是高等教育问题。

25. And the focus of their talks about colleges centered not on how money could be more effectively directed, but how to get greater productivity out of a system that many feel has become highly inefficient and resistive to change.

在大学问题上,他们谈话的焦点不是如何更有效地花钱,而是提高大学体制的效率,许多人感到这个体制效率非常低下,而且变得僵化。

26. As a result, the governors will embark on a three-year study of higher education systems and how to make state colleges and universities better able to meet the challenges o a global economy in the 21st century.

结果,州长们将对教育体制进行历时三年的研究,研究的目标是如何使州立大学更好地迎接21世纪全球经济领域里的挑战。

27.“With tuition rising faster than the rate of inflation and students taking longer and longer to finish college, one of these days the public is going to say,”‘Enough!’“Pennsylvania Republican Gov. Tom Ridge said. 共和党人宾州州长汤姆?里奇说:随着学费比通货膨胀率上涨得快,学生完成大学学业需要的时间越来越长,有一天公众会说:够了!

28. Ridge and his fellow governors came away from the meetings resolute in the belief that higher education needs a fresh look and possibly a major boost in productivity to meet demands of new technologies and a changing work force.

会议结束后,里奇和其他州长们更坚信:高等教育需要革新换面,也许应该重点提高效率,满足新技术和变化的劳动力市场的要求。

29. Several governors noted that establishment of clearer standards, greater efficiencies in providing services, and more student competency testing might be needed, in addition to curriculum inspection.

几位州长提到,除了审查教学大纲外,也许还应该确立更清楚的标准,提高服务的效率,对学生进行更多的能力测试。

30. Like our political society, the university is under severe attack today and perhaps for the same reason; namely, that we have accomplished much of what we have set out to do in this generation, that we have done so imperfectly, and while we have been doing so, we have said a lot of things that simply are not true.

像我们的政治社会一样,今天的大学正在受到严厉抨击,而且理由也许相同,即:我们这个时代要做的事情已经大都完成,但是我们做得还不尽善尽美,而且,虽然我们做出了一些论断,但我们也说了许多不正确的话。

31. The university should use one-fourth of a student‘s time in his undergraduate years and organize it into courses which might be called history, and literature and philosophy, and anything else appropriate and organize these around primary problems.

大学应该使本科生花四分之一的时间,学习被称做历史、文学、哲学或其他合适的课程,通过这些课程来探讨重大问题。

32. On the other hand, there could be very serious consequences if this knowledge were used intentionally to produce superior and subordinate classes, each genetically prepared to carry out a predetermined mission.

从另一方面讲,如果这种知识被有意识地用来复制优等或劣等群体,天生让这些人来完成某一预定的使命,那就会产生非常严重的后果。

33. After all, the purpose of education is not only to impart knowledge but to teach students to use the knowledge that they either have or will find, to teach them to ask and seek answers for important questions.

毕竟,教育的目的不仅是传授知识,而且还要教会学生使用已经或将要掌握的知识,教育他们学会提问并回答重大问题。

34. Many people expect this to change fundamentally the nature of television programming and viewing, from a broadcast medium (dominated by big networks like Britain‘s BBC and ITV and the big US networks, showing a mixture of programme types with something for everyone) to a“narrowcast” medium more like today’s magazines and radio.

许多人预期这将根本改变电视节目安排和收视的本质特征,从一种广播媒体(主宰者是像BBC、ITV和美国的各大电视网络,涵盖每个人所需要的节目类型)变成小范围播送的媒体,更像今天的杂志和收音机一样。

35. The argument is that, as with gardening magazines today, such a channel could generate revenue both from subscriptions (since it would be tailored to that target audience) and from advertising (not just for gardening products, but also for other products and services such as cruise holidays and financial services aimed at the same target market)。

其中的论点是,像今天的园艺杂志一样,这种频道不仅从入网费上取得收入(既然它满足的是特定观众的需要),而且通过播出广告挣钱(不仅是园艺产品的广告,而且包括其他产品和服务项目,如长途旅游的假期,面向同样的特定市场的金融服务)。

36. In the five years I‘ve worked here, we’ve gone to off-campus parties to write about underage drinking at our local college, exposed corruption in a local economic development group, and traced an embezzlers criminal past all the way to Alaska. I‘ve never seen our paper back down from a story.

我在这里工作的五年期间,我们去参加过校园外的聚会,写过当地大学的青少年饮酒问题,揭发过当地某个经济开发集团的腐败问题,一直追踪到阿拉斯加揭露出一起侵吞公款的案件。我从未见过我们的报纸放弃过一次报道。

37. Recently, when a young boy was shot to death, I had to repeatedly leave the scene to my editor from a pay phone, while the reporter from a competing paper used his cell phone to chat with his office from the doorstep of the victim‘s house.

最近,在报道一个小男孩被击毙的事件时,我不得不一次次离开现场,通过付费电话告知我的编辑更新消息,而作为竞争对手的那家报纸的记者,可以站在受害者家门口的台阶上用手机与办公室交谈。

38. They lose daily contact with Nature, their idea of Nature is rather vague and non-experiential, so they think that they are independent of and above Nature, or even can live without Nature.

他们与大自然失去了日常联系,对大自然的认识是相当模糊的、非经验式的,所以,他们认为自己独立于大自然或凌驾其上,甚至认为没有大自然照样可以生存。

39. Thinking in terms of public experiences, we find that joyous experiences are a means; when thinking subjectively, or in terms of ones own sense experiences, we find that joyous experiences are an end. 从集体经验的角度来看,我们发现欢乐的体验是一种手段;从主观上来说,或者从个人的感官体验来说,我们发现欢乐的体验是一种目的。

2、A friend in need is a friend indeed 患难见真交。

3、Great hopes make great man 远大的希望,造就伟大的人物。

4、After a storm comes a calm 雨过天晴。

5、All roads lead to Rome 条条大路通罗马。

6、an hour in the morning is worth two in the evening  一日之计在于晨。

7、a year's plan starts with spring 一年之计在于春。

8、a young idler, an old beggar 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。

9、a good beginning is half done 良好的开端是成功的一半。

10、a good beginning makes a good ending 善始者善终。

11、a good book is a good friend 好书如挚友。

12、Art is long, but life is short 人生有限,学问无涯。

13、Stick to it, and you'll succeed 只要人有恒,万事都能成。

14、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise 早睡早起富裕身体好。

15、A good medicine tastes bitter 良药苦口。

16、It is good to learn at another man's cost 前车之鉴。

17、Keeping is harder than winning 创业不易,守业更难。

18、More haste, less speed 欲速则不达。

19、No pains, no gains 不劳则无获。

20、Nothing is difficult to the man who will try 世上无难事,只要肯登攀。

21、Where there is life, there is hope 生命不息,希望常在。

22、An idle youth, a needy age 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。

23、We must not lie down, and cry, God help us 求神不如求己。

24、A plant may produce new flowers; man is young but once 花有重开日,人无再少年。

25、God helps those who help themselves 自助者,天助之。

26、What may be done at any time will be done at no time 明日待明日,明日不再来。

27、Diligence is the mother of success 勤奋是成功之母。

28、Take care of the pence, and the pounds will take care of themselves 积少自然成多。

29、Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today今天能做的事绝不要拖到明天。

30、Live and learn 活到老,学到老。

31、don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today 今日事,今日毕。

32、easier said than done 说得容易,做得难。

33、every man has his faults 金无足赤,人无完人。

34、every man has his hobbyhorse 萝卜青菜,各有所爱。

35、every man is the architect of his own fortune 自己的命运自己掌握。

36、every minute counts 分秒必争。

37、Where there is a will, there is a way 有志者,事竟成。

38、Well begun is half done 好的开端是成功的一半。

39、East, west, home is best 金窝银窝,不如自己的草窝。

40、There is no royal road to learning 学无坦途。

41、Look before you leap First think, then act 三思而后行。

42、It is never too late to mend 亡羊补牢,犹为未晚。

43、Light come, light go 来得容易,去得快。

44、a good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever 一本好书,相伴一生。

45、complacency is the enemy of study 学习的敌人是自己的满足。

46、confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success 自信是走向成功的第一步。

47、constant dripping wears away a stone 水滴石穿,绳锯木断。

48、custom makes all things easy 有个好习惯,事事皆不难。

49、do nothing by halves 凡事不可半途而废。

50、I am a slow walker, but I never walk backwards 我走得很慢,但是我从来不会后退。

51、The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today (Franklin Roosevelt , American president)实现明天理想的障碍是今天的疑虑。 (美国总统 罗斯福 F )

52、When an end is lawful and obligatory, the indispensable means to is are also lawful and obligatory (Abraham Lincoln , American statesman)如果一个目的是正当而必须做的,则达到这个目的的必要手段也是正当而必须采取的。(美国政治家 林肯 A)

53、Genius only means hard-working all one's life ( Mendeleyer , Russian Chemist) 天才只意味着终身不懈的努力。 (俄国化学家 门捷列耶夫)

54、I have nothing to offer but blood , toil tears and sweat (Winston Churchill, British Politician) 我所能奉献的没有其它,只有热血辛劳眼泪与汗水。(英国政治家 丘吉尔 W)

55、There is no royal road to science ,and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of gaining its numinous summits (Karl Marx, German revolutionary ) 在科学上没有平坦的大道,只有不畏劳苦沿着其崎岖之路攀登的人,才有希望达到它光辉的顶点。( 德国革命家 马克思 K )

56、The man who has made up his mind to win will never say "impossible " (Bonaparte Napoleon ,French emperor )凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能的”。( 法国皇帝 拿破仑 B)

57、To do whatever needs to be done to preserve this last and greatest bastion of freedom (Ronald Reagan , American President )为了保住这最后的最伟大的自由堡垒,我们必须尽我们所能。(美国总统 里根 R)

58、Do not , for one repulse , give up the purpose that you resolved to effect (William Shakespeare , British dramatist)不要只因一次失败,就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。(英国剧作家 莎士比亚W)

59、Don't part with your illusions When they are gone you may still exist , but you have ceased to live (Mark Twain , American writer)不要放弃你的幻想。当幻想没有了以后,你还可以生存,但是你虽生犹死。((美国作家 马克吐温)

60、I want to bring out the secrets of nature and apply them for the happiness of man I don't know of any better service to offer for the short time we are in the world (Thomas Edison , American inventor)我想揭示大自然的秘密,用来造福人类。我认为,在我们的短暂一生中,的贡献莫过于此了。 (美国发明家 爱迪生 T)

61、Ideal is the beacon Without ideal , there is no secure direction without direction , there is no life ( Leo Tolstoy , Russian writer)理想是指路明灯。没有理想,就没有坚定的方向;没有方向,就没有生活。 (俄国作家 托尔斯泰 L )

62、If winter comes , can spring be far behind ?( P B Shelley , British poet ) 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?( 英国诗人, 雪莱 P B)

63、If you doubt yourself , then indeed you stand on shaky ground ( Ibsen , Norwegian dramatist )如果你怀疑自己,那么你的立足点确实不稳固了。 (挪威剧作家 易卜生)

64、If you would go up high , then use your own legs ! Do not let yourselves carried aloft; do not seat yourselves on other people's backs and heads (F W Nietzsche , German Philosopher)如果你想走到高处,就要使用自己的两条腿!不要让别人把你抬到高处;不要坐在别人的背上和头上。(德国哲学家 尼采 F W)

65、It is at our mother's knee that we acquire our noblest and truest and highest , but there is seldom any money in them( Mark Twain , American writer )就是在我们母亲的膝上,我们获得了我们的尚最真诚和最远大的理想,但是里面很少有任何金钱。(美国作家 马克吐温)

66、At twenty years of age , the will reigns; at thirty , the wit and at forty , the judgment (Benjamin Franklin ,American president)二十岁时起支配作用的是意志,三十岁时是机智,四十岁时是判断。(美国总统 富兰克林 B)

67、Do you love life ? Then do not squander time ; for that's the stuff life is made of (Benjamin Franklin , American president )你热爱生命吗?那么,别浪费时间,因为生命是由时间组成的。(美国总统 富兰克林 B)

68、Man errs so long as he strives (Johan Wolfgang Goethe , German poet and dramatist) 人只要奋斗就会犯错误。 (德国诗人剧作家 歌德 J W)

69、My fellow Americans , ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country My fellow citizens of the world ; ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man (John Kennedy , American President )美国同胞们,不要问国家能为你们做些什么,而要问你们能为国家做些什么。全世界的公民们,不要问美国将为你们做些什么,而要问我们共同能为人类的自由做些什么。 (美国总统 肯尼迪 J)

70、Our destiny offers not the cup of despair , but the chalice of opportunity (Richard Nixon, American President )命运给予我们的不是失望之酒,而是机会之杯。(美国总统 尼克松 R)

71、Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet (Jean Jacques Rousseau , French thinker) 忍耐是痛苦的,但它的果实是甜蜜的。 (法国思想家 卢梭 J J)

72、Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass Alexander Dumas (Davy de La Pailleterie, French Writer)生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针。 (法国作家 大仲马 A)

73、The ideals which have lighted my way , and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully have been kindness , beauty and truth (Albert Einstein , American scientist) 有些理想曾为我们引过道路,并不断给我新的勇气以欣然面对人生,那些理想就是——真善美。 (美国科学家 爱因斯坦 A )

74、The important thing in life is to have a great aim , and the determination to attain it (Johan Wolfgang von Goethe , German Poet and dramatist) 人生重要的事情就是确定一个伟大的目标,并决心实现它。(德国诗人戏剧家 歌德 J M )

75、The man with a new idea is a crank until the idea succeeds (Mark Twain , American writer) 具有新想法的人在其想法实现之前是个怪人。 (美国作家 马克吐温)

76、A light heart lives long ( William Shakespeare , British dramatist ) 豁达者长寿。 (英国剧作家 莎士比亚 W)

77、Early to bed and early to rise , makes a man healthy , wealthy and wise (Benjamin Franklin , American president )

78、早睡早起会使人健康富有和聪明。 (美国总统 富兰克林 B)

79、Sloth , like rust , consumes faster than labor wears (Benjamin Franklin , American president)懒惰像生锈一样,比操劳更能消耗身体。 (美国总统 富兰克林 B) The first wealth is health ( Ralph Waldo Emerson , American thinker ) 健康是人生第一财富。 (美国思想家 爱默生 R W) WEALTH 财富篇

80、All the splendor in the world is not worth a good friend (Voltaire , French thinker) 人世间所有的荣华富贵不如一个好朋友。 (法国思想家 伏尔泰)

81、Creditors have better memories than debtors (Benjamin Franklin , American president ) 放债的比借债的记忆好。( 美国总统 富兰克林 B)

82、If you would know the value of money , go and try to borrow some (Benjamin Franklin , American president )要想知道钱的价值,就想办法去借钱试试。( 美国总统 富兰克林 B)

83、If your Riches are yours , why don't you take them with you to the other world ?(Benjamin Franklin , American president )如果财富是你的,那么你为什么不把它们和你一起带到另一个世界去呢?( 美国总统 富兰克林 B)

84、Money is a good servant and a bad master (Francis Bacon , British philosopher ) 金钱是善仆,也是恶主。( 英国哲学家 培根 F )

85、Money is like muck , not good except it be spread (Francis Bacon , British philosopher) 金钱好比粪肥,只有撒到在大地才是有用之物。(英国哲学家 培根 F)

86、No country , however rich , can afford the waste of its human resources (Franklin Roosevelt , American president)任何一个国家,不管它多么富裕,都浪费不起人力资源。(美国总统 罗斯富 F)

87、Sometimes one pays most for the things one gets for nothing (Albert Einstein , American scientist )有时候一个人为不花钱得到的东西付出的代价。(美国科学家 爱因斯坦 A) HAPPINESS 幸福篇

88、A lifetime of happiness ! No man alive could bear it ; it would be hell on earth (G Bernard Shaw ,British dramatist )终身幸福!这是任何活着的人都无法忍受的,那将是人间地狱。(英国剧作家 肖伯纳 G)

89、Happiness is form courage ( H Jackson , British writer ) 幸福是勇气的一种形式。 (英国作家 杰克逊 H)

90、Happy is the man who is living by his hobby (G Bernard Shaw , British dramatist ) 醉心于某种癖好的人是幸福的。 (英国剧作家 肖伯纳 G )

91、Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money it lies in the joy of achievement , in the thrill of creative effort (Franklin Roosevelt , American president ) 幸福不在于拥有金钱,而在于获得成就时的喜悦以及产生创造力的激情。(美国总统 罗斯福 F)

92、Human felicity is produced not so much by great pieces of good fortune that seldom happen , as by little advantages that occur every day ( Benjamin Franklin ,American president)与其说人类的幸福来自偶尔发生的鸿运,不如说来自每天都有的小实惠。(美国总统 富兰克林 B)

93、Most folks are about as happy as they make up their minds to be (Abraham Lincoln ,American president )对于大多数人来说,他们认定自己有多幸福,就有多幸福。(美国总统 林肯 A)

94、The secret of being miserable is to have leisure to bother about whether you are happy or not (George Bernard Shaw , British dramatist )痛苦的秘密在于有闲功夫担心自己是否幸福。 (英国剧作家 肖伯纳 G )

95、The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved ( Victor Hugo , French novelist )生活中的幸福是坚信有人爱我们。( 法国小说家 雨果 V )

96、There is no paradise on earth equal to the union of love and innocence (Jean Jacques Rousseau, French thinker )人间的幸福莫如既有爱情又清白无暇。( 法国思想家 卢梭 J J )

97、To really understand a man we must judge him in misfortune (Bonaparte Napoleon , French emperor )要真正了解一个人,需在不幸中考察他。 (法国皇帝 拿破仑 B )

98、We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it (George Bernard Shaw , British dramatist)正像我们无权只享受财富而不创造财富一样,我们也无权只享受幸福而不创造幸福。 (英国剧作家 肖伯纳 G )

99、Progress is the activity of today and the assurance of tomorrow (Emerson, American thinker )进步是今天的活动明天的保证。 (美国思想家 家默生)

100、The world can be changed by man's endeavor, and that this endeavor can lead to something new and better No man can sever the bonds that unite him to his society simply by averting his eyes He must ever be receptive and sensitive to the new and have sufficient courage and skill to novel facts and to deal with them (Franklin Roosevelt , American President ) 人经过努力可以改变世界,这种努力可以使人类达到新的更美好的境界。没有人仅凭闭目不看社会现实就能割断自己与社会的联系。他必须敏感,随时准备接受新鲜事物;他必须有勇气与能力去面对新的事实,解决新问题。(美国总统 罗斯福建 F)