英语4级翻译常用句子
1)It is+形容词+that
例如:It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演着一个重要的角色。
2)It is+形容词+to do/ doing
例如:She had said what it was necessary to say.
她已经说了一切有必要说的话。
3)祈使句/名词+and/ or
例如:Work hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination.
努力工作,你就能实现自己的目标。
4)as+many/ much+名词+as
例如:It is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in Lon-don.据说,游客每天在利兹的花销仅为在伦敦的一半。
5)倍数词+as+形容词+as
例如:The reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago.
这个水库的面积是十年前三倍。
6) 倍数词+ more +名词/形容词十than
例如:Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.
吸烟对人体健康的危害极大,每年死于吸烟的人比死于车祸的人多七倍。
7)(not)as/ so...as(和……(不)一样)
例如:The environmental problems are not as serious as they suggested in their report.
环境问题没有他们在报告中说得那么严重。
8)no more...than(与……一样不)
例如:She is no more fit to be a manager than a schoolgirl would be.
一个女学生固然不宜当经理,她也同样不宜。
9)Nothing is more...than(没有比……更……的;……是最……的)
例如:Nothing is more important thanto receive education.
没有比接受教育更重要的事。
10)感官动词+of+名词
例如:They hurriedly escaped into a cave that smelt of terror.
他们仓皇地逃人一个充满恐怖气氛的山洞。
11)without/ not so much as(甚至没有)
例如:Disappointed with her husband,Mary left home without so much as looking back at him.
出于对丈夫的失望,玛丽离开了家,甚至都没有回头看他一眼。
12)may/ might as well(…as)(与其……还不如……)
例如:One may as well not know a thing at all as know but imperfectly.
与其一知半解还不如彻底蒙在鼓里。
13)too...to(太……而不能……;极其地)
例如:It was not too bright of them to settle in an area where earthquakes frequently occur.他们选择在地震多发的地区定居,这可不是个明智的决定。
14)only to find/ see(结果却;没想到会)
例如:He spent almost all his money to buy the hen which was said to be able to lay gold eggs, only to find it could not lay eggs at all.
为了买那只据说能下金蛋的母鸡,他几乎倾家荡产,没想到这只鸡根本不会下蛋。
15)It is undoubted that/ There is no doubt that(毫无疑问,……)
例如:There is no doubt that war can be avoided if we get down to peace talk.
毫无疑问,如果我们肯认真和谈就能避免战争。
16)rather than(而不是……)
例如:Rather than pursue money to achieve happiness,we should focus on the improvement of ourselves.
我们应该集中精力改善自我,而不是追求金钱的享乐。
17)not... until(直到……才)
例如:We can’t release the film until we have the approval from the authority concerned.
直到获得有关当局的批准我们才能发行那部电影。
18)so/ such(…)that(如此……以至于)
例如:With the rumor spreading fast, their anxiety was such that they could not sleep/they became so anxious that they could not sleep.
在谣言迅速散播的情况下,他们焦虑异常,无法人睡。
19)(The) chances are that(很可能……)
例如:Chances are thatshe has already known it, and there is no need for us to keep the secret.她很可能已经知道了,所以我们没有必要再保守这个秘密。
20)It occurred to sb. that(突然想到……)
例如:It had never occurred to Cinderella she would become a princess someday.
辛德瑞拉从来没有想到她会成为一位王妃。
21)not...but...(不是……而是……)
例如:To our disappointment, the plan caused not development but destruction.
让我们失望的是,这个计划带来的不是进步而是破坏。
22)It is taken for granted that(……被认为是理所当然的)
例如:It has been taken for granted that women should take on all the housework.
多年来人们一直认为女性做家务是理所当然的。
23)It is/ was said that(据说)
例如:It is said that man is the least biologically determined species of all because he possesses features absent in other natural species.
据说人类是生物学上最难归类的物种,因为人类拥有其他天然物种所缺乏的特性。
24)When it comes to...(提及,当提到……的时候)
例如:When it comes to physics, I know nothing.
谈到物理学,我一无所知。
25)be not much of a...(是个不太好的……)
例如:Mike is not much of a teacher for he often skips from one subject to another.
麦克不是个好老师,因为他总是从一个话题跳转到另一个话题。
26)As far as sb./sth. is concerned(就……而言,在……看来)
例如:As far as I am concerned, fashion belongs to women.
在我看来,时尚是属于女性的。
27)not only...but also(不但……而且……)
例如:Shakespeare is not only a great playwright but also a brilliant poet.
莎士比亚不仅是一位伟大的剧作家而且是一位才华横溢的诗人。
28)(n) either...(n) or...(既不……也不……;或者……或者……)
例如:Liking neither the story nor the background music, he fell asleep in the cinema.
他既不喜欢故事情节也不喜欢背景音乐, 所以在电影院里睡着了。
29)no sooner than/ hardly when/ scarcely when(刚……就……)
例如:I had hardly opened the door when he rushed in.
我刚开门他就冲进来了。
30)the more…the more(越……越……)
例如:The fastera country’s economy develops, the slower its population grows.
一个国家的经济发展越快,它的人口增长就越慢。
现代翻译理论认为,句子是最重要的翻译单位。大学 英语四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻译为主。考生如果能够熟练掌握句子翻译的基本方法,那么对于处理四级考试中的句子翻译题必将是如虎添翼。本期着重介绍常用的句子翻译方法:正反、反正表达法,分句、合句法。 正反、反正表达法 由于民族文化和思维方式不同,英汉两种语言在表达同一概念时所采用的方式就有所不同。
在表达否定概念时,英语和汉语使用的词汇、语法、语言逻辑就有很大的差异。汉语中有些词、短语或者句子是从反面表达的,而译成英语时则需要从正面进行表达,如例1、例2、例3。反之,汉语中有些从正面表达的词、短语或者句子,译成英语时需要从反面进行表达,如例4、例5、例6。此外,汉语还有一些特殊的句子结构,如双重否定(例7)、否定转移(例8)在译成英语时也需要引起我们的注意。
一、 i.汉语从反面表达,译文从正面表达
例1:他提出的论据相当不充实。 译文:the argument he put forward is pretty thin. (词)
例2:我们确信,年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。 译文:we are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. (短语)
例3:他七十岁了,可是并不显老。 译文:he was 70, but he carried his years lightly. (句子) ii.汉语从正面表达,译文从反面表达
例4:他这个人优柔寡断,而且总是反复无常。 译文:he was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. (词)
例5:调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。 译文:the investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease. (短语)
例6:这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。 译文:such actions couldn’t long escape notice. (句子) iii.特殊的否定句式
例7:有利必有弊。 译文:there is not any advantage without disadvantage. (双重否定)
例8:我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。 译文:in that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were jews. (否定转移)
二、 分句、合句法 很多情况下,翻译句子的时候,需要调整原来的句子结构,分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法。所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子。所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。 i.分句法 汉译英时,需要分译的句子多数是长句,或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句,就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚,也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译,则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。如以下五个例子:
例1. 少年是一去不复返的,等到精力衰竭时,要做学问也来不及了。(按内容层次分译) 译文: youth will soon be gone, never to return. and it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.
例2. 她隔窗望去,突然发现有只小船停泊在河边,船里有位船夫睡得正香。(从主语变换处分译) 译文: looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank. in it there was a boatman fast asleep.
例3. 声速随温度的升降会有轻微的增减,但不受气压的影响。(从关联词处分译) 译文: the speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperature and falls with decrease in temperature. it is not affected by the pressure of the air.
例4. 我们的政策是实行“一个国家,两种制度”,具体说,就是在中华人民共和国内,有着十多亿人口的大陆实行社会主义制度,香港、台湾地区实行资本主义制度。(原文出现总说或分述时要分译) 译文: we are pursuing a policy of “one country with two systems.” more specifically, this means that within the people’s republic of china, the mainland with its more than one billion people will maintain the socialist system, while hong kong and taiwan continue under the capitalist system.
例5. 我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平统一,有关的政策,也是众所周知和不会改变的,并且正在深入人心。(为了强调语气而采用分译) 译文: we want peaceful reunification with taiwan which is part of our sacred territory. our policy in this regard is also known to all and will not change. the desire for peaceful reunification of the motherland is taking hold in the hearts of the entire chinese nation.
英语和汉语是两种差异比较大的语言,英语重形合,汉语重意合。有人把英语句子比喻为树木丛生、干枝纠缠的树林,脉络难析,主次难辨,而把汉语句子比喻为枝干分明的竹林,脉络清晰,主次易辨。翻译时,根据表达习惯,英语、汉语的句子结构有时需要进行相应的转换。英汉语复合句中主句和从句之间的时间顺序和逻辑顺序也不完全一致,因此,翻译时,也时常需要根据表达习惯,对句序进行相应的调整。
现代翻译理论认为,句子是最重要的翻译单位。四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻译为主。考生如果能够熟练掌握句子翻译的基本方法,那么对于处理四级考试中的句子翻译题必将是如虎添翼。本期着重介绍常用的句子翻译方法:正反、反正表达法,分句、合句法。
正反、反正表达法
由于民族文化和思维方式不同,英汉两种语言在表达同一概念时所采用的方式就有所不同。在表达否定概念时,英语和汉语使用的'词汇、语法、语言逻辑就有很大的差异。汉语中有些词、短语或者句子是从反面表达的,而译成英语时则需要从正面进行表达,如例1、例2、例3。反之,汉语中有些从正面表达的词、短语或者句子,译成英语时需要从反面进行表达,如例4、例5、例6。此外,汉语还有一些特殊的句子结构,如双重否定、否定转移在译成英语时也需要引起我们的注意。