英语单词组成句子方法
句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的。
英语句子依其组合方式可分为以下五种基本句型，句子成分的表示法为： S：Subject（主语）, V：Verb（动词）,O：Object（宾语）, IO : Indirect Object (间接宾语), DO: Direct Object (直接宾语) , P：Predicative（表语）, OC： Object Complement（宾语补足语）。
五种基本句型见下表（S＝主，V＝谓，O＝宾，P＝表，IO＝间宾 ，DO＝直宾，OC＝宾补）：
种类 句型 例句
第1种 S+V We work. (不及物)
第2种 S+V+O He plays (及物) the piano.
第3种 S+V+P We are(系动词) students.
第4种 S+V+IO+DO She gave(及物) me a pen.
第5种 S+V+O+OC He made(及物) the boy laugh.
一、 第1种句型：S+V（主语+不及物动词）
1、Birds fly. 鸟飞。
主语＋谓语 (不及物动词)
2、He runs in the park. 他在公园里跑。
主语＋谓语 ＋地点状语 (不及物动词)
此句型是“主语+不及物动词”构成句子的主体部分。因为是不及物动词，后面当然不能带宾语了，但是可以有状语来修饰。例如上面例句中的 in the park就是地点状语。
3、Class begins.（begin在句中是不及物动词）上课了。
比较：We begin our class at eight. 我们八点钟开始上课。
该句则属于第2种句型，begin在句中是及物动词，由此可见有些动词既可作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。
只能当不及物动词的词（必背！）：
sleep 睡觉 walk 步行 swim 游泳 happen（take place）发生
go去 come来 work 工作 laugh 笑 stay呆在…… arrive 到达
二、 第2种句型：S+V+O（主语+及物动词+宾语）
My father read the book. 我父亲读过那本书.
主语 谓语 (及物动词) 宾语
注意：有些不及物动词后面加上介词就可把它看成一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。如：
4、You must listen to me. 你必须听我的。 （Listen是不及物动词。但加上to之后，listen to可以看成一个及物动词。）
可以带宾语的动词是及物动词，可以充当宾语的有名词和名词的相当语（如代词、不定式、动名词及宾语从句）。 如：
5、She likes English. 她喜欢英语。（名词作宾语）
6、I know him very well. 我非常了解他。（代词作宾语） （同第一种句型一样，本句型可以有状语、定语修饰）
7、They want to go. 他们想走。（不定式作宾语）
8、He stopped writing. 他停下笔。（动名词作宾语）
9、The teacher advised that we learn English well. 老师建议我们学好英语。(宾语从句)
三、 第3种句型：S+V+P （主语+系动词+表语）
10、He became a scientist. 他成为一个科学家了。
主语 谓语 (系动词) 表语
be动词和become是英语中常见的系动词，后面必须接表语，才能用来说明主语， 表示“……是……”，“……变成……”等意思。 表语通常是名词或形容词等。
11、They are honest. 他们是诚实的。
12、He became a scientist. 他成为了一个科学家。
13、 His face goes red. 他的脸变红了。
14、 It grew dark. 天变黑了。
注意 ：在英语中，除了be动词和become属于系动词外，还有一些实义动词在表示状态存在或表示状态变化时也可以作系动词。
这些词有： keep保持， look看起来， feel觉得， smell 闻起来，
sound 听起来， taste 尝起来，grow/get/go/turn 变得 remain 仍然是
四、 第4种句型：S+V+IO+DO （主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）
15、He gave Tom a present. 他给了汤姆一件礼物。
主 谓(及物) 宾(间接) 宾(直接)
16、Give it to me. 把它给我。
谓(及物) 宾(直接) 宾(间接)
1）、及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象（参见第2种句型）。但有些动词，除了直接宾语外，还要求一个间接宾语，这个间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或物，也可以说是间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或是为谁做的，所以只能是名词或宾格代词担当。
17、We sent them a telegram. 我们给他们打了个电报。
主 谓 宾(间接) 宾(直接)
（ 必背！）常带双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的动词（分为A、B两类）：
A：动词后加to: give 给 show给……看 send寄，打电报 bring带……
read读…… pass递给…… lend借给…… leave留给…… hand交给…… tell告诉…… return把…还给… write给…写信
B: 动词后加for: buy给/为某人买… draw 替/给某人画… make 为某人制作…
【秘诀】 “七给”“一带”to不少， “买”“画”“制作”for来了。
【说明】常跟双宾语的动词“七给”(give, hand，lend, pass, show, send, write)和“一带”(bring)8个及物动词，在直接宾语前置时，必须在后面加上to。即：“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”。buy，draw，make三个动词，在直接宾语前置时，则必须在后面加for，构成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”句型。
关于是否接to 或者接for ，一般都是语言习惯用法的问题，英文中习惯怎么用，就应该怎样来用，没有什么道理可讲。 另外关于to, for 区分的基本原则： to (表示动作对什么人而做)， for (表示动作为什么人而做) ，如： Read the first paragraph to me. 用to表示读的动作是对我而做的。本句的意思是：把第一段读给我听。
五、 第5种句型：S+V+O+OC（主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语）
在此句型中的动词，叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词，在英语中，这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的，宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式，因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。
1. He found his new job boring. (形容词做宾补)
2. The called their daughter Mary. (名词做宾补)
3. This placed her in a very difficult position. (介词短语做宾补)
4. We went to her house but found her out. (副词做宾补)
5. What do you advise me to do？(不定式做宾补)
6. We thought him to be an honest man. (to be做宾补)
7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. (不定式的完成式做宾补)
8. He believed her to be telling the truth. (不定式的进行式做宾补)
9. Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式做宾补)
【秘诀】 不定式，作宾补， 下列词后省去to：
一“感”二“听”四“看见” 外加三个“小使役”， 保你永远会记住。
【说明】“一感”指feel。“二听”指hear, listen to。“四看见”指notice, observe, see, watch。 三个“小使役”指have, let, make三个使役动词。在这些动词后有不定式作宾补时，不定式的符号to往往要省去。
10. I saw her chatting with Nancy. (现在分词做宾补)
11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. (过去分词做宾补) 注意：在这个结构中，可以出现用it做形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。
1. He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
2. I think it best that you should stay with us. 分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补足语，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。
注意：
1. 习惯用语的使用 在英语中，有很多动词习惯用语，在学习的过程中，要注意它们的使用，不必分析单独每个词的使用。 例： We are short of money. (be short of中short做表语)
She is always making trouble for her friends. (trouble做make的宾语)
He has carried out our instructions to the letter. (our instructions做词组carry out的宾语)
We are waiting for the rain to stop. (wait for后面的the rain是宾语，to stop是宾语补足语)
2. 在英语中，大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词，而且还会有一些固定词组，因此一个动词可以用于几种句型。 例：ask：
① Did you ask the price？(直接接名词做宾语)
② She asked them their names. (接双宾语)
③ I asked James to buy some bread. (接宾语加不定式做宾语补足语)
④ I asked to speak to Fred. (接不定式做宾语)
⑤ Didn't you ask him in？(在此句中和副词in连用) ⑥ He has asked for an interview with the President. (组成固定词组ask for)
3. There be句型是一种特殊的句子，真正的主语在后面，含义为“有……”
① 谓语动词和主语保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room.
② 有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.
③ 主语的后面有时有修饰语：There are a lot of difficulties facing us. There were many things to be done. (此处也可以使用to do).
④ 谓语动词be可以有时态的变化: There will be a concert in the park tonight. There was little change in him.
⑤ 谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。 There used to be a cinema here. There seems to be something the matter with her. Is there going to be any activity tonight?
⑥ there be句式变疑问句，把be提前；变翻译疑问句也要借助there。 Is there any hope of getting the job? There is nothing wrong with your watch，is there?
⑦ there be句型中也可以使用诸如：live，follow，come，stand，sit，exist等不及物动词： Once upon a time, there lived a fisherman on the island. There came a knock at the door. At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
⑧ 用于非谓语的情况下，有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being: You wouldn't want there to be another war. (不定式的复合结构) The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework. (动名词的复合结构) There being nothing else to do，we went home. (独立主格结构)
■巩固性练习■: 请判断下列句子的结构类型
1. He is running.
2. The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.
3. The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.
4. She seemed angry.
5. My father bought me a beautiful present.
6. Why do you keep your eyes closed?
7. Will you tell us an exciting story?
8. We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.
9. I heard the baby crying in the sitting room. 10. Can you push the window open?
Health 1．健康的重要性。 2．如何保持身体健康。 3．健康比财富还重要。
It is clear that health is the foundation of one's future success. If you get sick, it is nearly impossible to pursue your career effectively, much less make your dreams come true. On the other hand, if you are stout and strong, you can go all out to overcome the obstacles that lie ahead of you.
Now that we know that health is the source of our energy, what should we do to maintain and enhance our health? First, we should exercise every day to strengthen our muscles. Second, we should keep regular reasonable hours. If we get up early, we can breathe fresh air. This habit can do wonders in our life. Third, there is a proverb that says, "Prevention is better than cure."
In short, health is more important than wealth. Those who are rich but love their health are no more fortunate than those who are poor. If you want your wish to come true, you should do exercise and keep fit. Health is the most important ingredient of your success. 健康
健康是一个人未来成功的基础，这是显而易见的。如果你患了病，要想有效地成就一生的事业简直是不可能的，更不必说梦想成真了。另一方面，如果你身强力壮，你可以全力以赴克服面前的障碍
既然我们知道健康是能量的源泉，那么，我们该怎样保持和增强健康呢？首先，我们应该每天锻炼身体以强壮肌肉。其次，我们要保持规律的生活。如果早起，我们可以呼吸新鲜空气。这个习惯能在我们的生命中产生奇迹。再次，有一句谚语说得好：“预防胜于治疗。”
总之，健康比财富更重要。失去健康的富人并不比穷人好。如果你想要愿望成真，就应锻炼身体，保持健康。健康是你成功的最重要的组成部分。
The desire for good health is universal. In our competitive society it is important to maintain good health. On the one hand, people with good health can do work with full confidence and their progress in work in turn contributes to their health and happiness. On the other hand, a sick person is usually not interested in everything around him and therefore he loses many opportunities to become successful.
There are many ways to keep it. First, those who are always on the go from morning till night should find time to relax because too much stress will affect their health. Second, enough time should be left for sleep because that will help one become rested and refreshed. Finally, regular physical exercises benefit one's health a lot. So one should always keep in mind that a certain amount of exercise is not a waste of time
blast vt.炸 n.爆炸,一阵, 一股
Over a period of two days in Pakistan ;两日内在巴基斯坦发生的
a series of blasts killed 6 people and injured 35. ;一系列爆炸事件造成6人死亡,35人受伤.
The moment the Federal Building in the heart of Oklahoma City was blasted by McVeigh, ;俄克拉荷马市中心的联邦政府大楼被迈克维炸毁的那一刻,
some peoples American dreams were also blasted. ;一些人的.美国梦也被炸碎了.
split vi.分裂,被撕裂 vt.使分裂,劈开 n.裂口,分裂
Any attempt to split the country is doomed to fail. ;任何分裂祖国的图谋都注定要失败.
Tom and Mary split up after they graduated from college. ;汤姆和玛丽大学毕业后便分手了.
attack vt. vi.攻击,抨击 n.攻击, 突然发作
Guerrillas attacked an army camp in Kashmir on Saturday. ;游击队员周六袭击了喀什米尔的一个军营.
burst vt.使爆裂 vi.爆裂,挤满 n.爆裂,爆发
Dont be so angry! Youll burst a blood vessel. ;别发这么大火, 你会把血管气裂的!
exhaust vt.使筋疲力尽; 用尽,耗尽 n.排气管;排气孔; 废气,废液
Some web addicts often exhaust themselves by surfing the Internet for days on end. ;一些网虫经常持续几天网上冲浪,把自己搞得筋疲力尽.
英语常用词组：
1、break down 损坏；瓦解；（组织、计划等彻底毁坏）
2、break into 闯入；强行进入
3、break off 中止；中断
4、break out 逃出；突然发生,爆发
5、bring about 导致；引起
6、bring forward 提出；提议
7、bring to 使恢复知觉
8、bring up 教育,培养,使成长
9、call at 访问,拜访
10、call for 邀请；要求,需要
11、call off 放弃,取消
12、call on/upon 访问,拜访；号召,呼吁
13、carry on 继续下去,坚持下去；从事,经营
14、carry out 贯彻（理论等）,执行（计划等）；实现（目标等）
15、come across （偶然）发现；（偶然）碰见；偶遇
16、come on 开始；进展；上演；来吧,快点
17、come out 出版；结果是(to be)；出现,长出
18、come through 经历,脱险
19、come to 总计,达到；苏醒,复原
20、come up 发生；走近,上来
21、cut across 抄近路,走捷径
22、cut down(on) 削减,降低
23、cut off 阻断；切断,使隔绝
24、drop by/in 顺便来访（无意的）
25、fall back on 求助于,转而依靠
26、fall behind 落后
27、fall in with 碰见；符合,与.一致
28、get across 解释清楚,使人了解
29、get along/with 有进展；生活得,过得
30、get at 够得着,触及；意思是,理解
31、get away 离开,走开,逃脱
32、get by 混过；通过,经过
33、get down to 开始,着手（此处to为介词）
34、get in 进入；收回,收获
35、get out of 逃避；改掉
36、get rid of 除去,摆脱
37、get through 接通电话；度过（时间等）；结束,完成
38、get together 集合,聚集
39、give away 泄露,分送
40、give back 送还；恢复
英语常用句子：
1、If you confer a benefit, never remember it; if you receive one, remember it always.
施恩勿记，受恩勿忘。
2、Joy shared with others are more enjoyed.
与人同乐，其乐无穷。
3、Emancipate yourself from the past. The only way to move forward is to stop looking back!
把自己从过去解放出来，前进的唯一方法是别往后看。
4、Over-thinking leads to negative thoughts.
想得太多，会变得很消极。
5、Never use your eyes to cry for the wrong person who hurt you. Instead use it to search for the right one.
眼睛，不应该用来为伤害你的人哭泣，而应该用来寻找那个正确的人。
6、I’d rather live my life knowing that I’m not perfect, than spending my whole life pretending to be.
我宁愿坦然地，不完美的过一辈子，也不要一辈子都假装自己很完美。
7、Sometimes what you want isn’t always what you get, but in the end what you get is so much better than what you wanted.
很多时候，你得不到你想要的，但最终，你拥有的一定比当初渴望的要好得多。
8、It only takes one negative comment to kill a dream.
只是一句打击人的话，就能灭掉一个人内心的梦想。
9、You are not your past, your body, your mind, your emotions.
你的过去，你的身体，你的思想，你的情绪都不能单独代表你。
10、It’s okay to be afraid of losing the person you really care. But it’s not okay if the person doesn’t really care of losing you.
担心失去一个你在乎的人，情有可原，但是，担心失去一个不在乎你的人，没有必要。
11、Respect the people who find time for you in their busy schedule. But love the people who never look at their schedule when you need them.
尊重那些在忙碌的日程中为你腾出空档的人，爱那些你需要他们的时候从不看他们日程的。
12、You can always be a worse version of “him”, or better version of yourself.
不是要做一个单纯优秀的人，而是要做一个不可替代的人。
13、Sometimes there’s nothing to say. Sometimes silence expresses more than words do.
有时候，不需要说什么，沉默比话语表达得更多。
14、Jules Verne: Anything one man can imagine, other men can make real.
凡尔纳：但凡能想象到的事物，必定有人能将它实现。
15、I am not afraid of tomorrow, for I have seen yesterday and love today.
我不害怕明天，因为我经历过昨天，又热爱今天。
16、Winston Churchill: A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.
丘吉尔：悲观者在每次机会中看到困难，乐观者在每次困难中看到机会。
17、Einstein: The ideals which have lighted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully have been kindness, beauty and truth.
爱因斯坦：有些理想曾为我们引过道路，并不断给我新的勇气以欣然面对人生，那些理想就是：真、善、美。
18、Mark Twain: Keep away from people who try to belittle your ambitions. Small people always do that, but the really great make you feel that you, too, can become great.
马克·吐温：远离轻视你雄心的人，鼠目寸光者总轻视别人，但真正伟大的人会让你觉得，你也可以成功。
19、Eleanor Roosevelt: It is better to light a candle than to curse the darkness.
埃莉诺·罗斯福：与其诅咒黑暗，不如点燃一支蜡烛。
20、There is no heart hurt by pursuing dream. When you long for something sincerely, the whole world will help you.
没有一颗心，会因为追求梦想而受伤。当你真心渴望某样东西时，整个宇宙都会来帮忙
